Class XII – Tertiary and Quaternary Activities – PYQs

Ans. The three characteristics of periodical markets of rural areas in the world are

(i) Periodical markets in rural areas are found where there are no regular markets. Local periodical markets are organised at different intervals.

(ii) There may be weekly, bi-weekly markets and people from the surrounding areas come here to fulfil their accumulated demands.

(iii) These markets are held on specific days and move from one place to another. Thus, the shopkeepers remain busy on all the days, while a large area is served by them.

Ans. Service sector is very important for the development of economy in the world as it involves all kinds of services like-education, health, welfare, business services, etc. and provides employment to a large number of people.

The five major components of service sector are

(i) Many services have been regulated by the government. It includes making and maintaining highways, bridges, supplying education and health services, transport, telecommunications, energy etc.

(ii) Professional services that include primary health care, engineering, law etc.

(iii) Personal services that are for the people to facilitate their work in daily life.

(iv) Recreational and entertainment services that are widely distributed.

(v) Whole sale and retail trading with the producers and consumers.

Ans. The two factors affecting tourism in the world are

(i) Demand: It is the prime factor affecting tourism. For last few centuries, the demand for recreational and entertainment related activities have increased significantly. The standard of living of people is improving and they need more leisure time due to nature of their work. Thus, demand for tourism is increasing.

(ii) Transport: The development in transport sector increases the demand for tourism. The easy accessibility to tourist locations and places encourages people to move or visit there. The expansion of air and rail network in the last decade has influenced tourism in increasing the number of tourists. Apart from this, the improvement in infrastructure at tourist spots has also increased the demand for tourism.

Ans. The climatic conditions of any region attracts tourists in the following ways

● People from colder places seek to visit warm places, e.g. the Mediterranean lands and Southern Europe, due to their considerable higher temperature, sunny days and less rainfall attract tourists from Europe.

● People from warmer regions like to visit colder places, tourists from Northern plains of India prefer to go to tourist places located in the Himalayan region or other hill stations.

● Climatic conditions of a region also provide some adventurous activities to do and attract tourists, e.g. ice skating and skiing in snowy regions, sea surfing on beaches, etc.

Ans. When medical treatment is combined with international tourism activity; it is known as medical tourism.

The scope of medical services for overseas patients in India is growing. The growing medical facilities in India during last few decades have made the country a favourable destination for medical tourists. The medical infrastructure also has developed to meet the world class demand of overseas patients. In India, many world-class hospitals located in metropolitan cities cater to patients all over the world. These hospitals provide a variety of medical treatment at lower cost. For example, about 55,000 patients from USA, visited India in 2005 for medical treatment.

Thus, India has emerged as the leading country of medical tourism in the world. But still it is not as much advanced as USA, where each year millions of surgeries are performed.

Ans. Quarternary activity is a segment of service sector that is knowledge oriented. It has replaced most of the primary and secondary employment as the basis for economic growth. These include mutual fund managers, tax consultants, software developers and statisticians.

The three characteristics of Quarternary activities are

(i) Information Centric: These activities involve the collection, production and dissemination of information or even the production of information.

(ii) Research Oriented: Quarternary activities focus upon research, development and may be seen as an advanced form of service involving special knowledge and technical skills.

(iii) Outsourcing: These services are not tied to resources, affected by the environment or necessarily localised by the market. Thus, they can also be outsourced.

Ans. Outsourcing has resulted in the opening up of a large number of call centres in India, China, Eastern Europe, Israel, Philippines and Costa Rica. It has created new jobs in these countries. This can be explained through following examples

(i) The Knowledge Processing Outsourcing (KPO) industry involves highly skilled workers that are available in the developing countries at lower wages.

(ii) It employs skilled IT staff with good communication skills which is available in developing countries at lower wages as compared to developed countries.

(iii) Data processing is another IT related service that employs large number of people in Asian countries.

Ans. Tourism is defined as travel which is done for the purpose of recreation rather than tourism. It provides opportunities for growth of infrastructure industries, retail trading and craft industries.

Four factors that attract tourists in the world are

(i) Climate: The climatic conditions of many regions decides the demand for tourism. People from colder regions visit those places where climate is warm and sunny. People going for winter holidays have specific requirements such as higher temperatures than their homeland or high snow cover for winter sports like skiing. Tourism flourished in Mediterranean region due to climatic factors.

(ii) Landscape and Scenic Beauty: People visit those areas that are famous for their scenic beauty and picturesque landscape. These areas include mountain regions, lakes, sea coasts, grasslands, hills etc. Tourism in Himalayan states has flourished due to its landscape.

(iii) History and Art: People visit those areas which are famous for their art and history. These areas have higher historical significance and are known for their art forms. These include ancient towns, castles, palaces, churches, battlefields, excavation sites etc.

(iv) Culture and Economy: People who take interest in art and culture are attracted most towards such places having diverse traditions and customs. Cheaper places which are pocket friendly also attract tourists from all over the world.