Class XII - Sociology Sample Paper - 3

Kindly share you feedback about the website – Click here

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

1. The question paper is divided into four sections.

2. There are 35 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

3. Section A includes question No. 1-16. These are MCQ type questions. As per the question, there can be one answer.

4. Section B includes question No. 17-25. These are very short answer type questions carrying 2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 30 words.

5. Section C includes question No. 26-32. These are short answer type questions carrying 4 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 80 words.

6. Section D includes question No. 33-35. These are long answer type questions carrying 6 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 200 words each.

7. Question no. 33 is to be answered with the help of the given graphics. Question no. 34 is to be answered with the help of the given passage.

Section-A

Question 1.

Assertion (A): The efforts made by social reformers in the nineteenth and early twentieth century to bring in social change and the changes in cultural practices (seen in the form of modernisation, westernisation and so forth) are related developments.

Reason (R): Both are related because they are the products of the impacts of British rule.

(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(D) A is false but R is true.

View Answer

Ans. (A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Question 2.

A society is made up of different groups, communities and classes. These are sustained and regulated by ______________ and __________________.

(A) punishments, sanctions

(B) social institutions, social relationships

(D) structure, dynamics

View Answer

Ans. (B) social institutions, social relationships

Question 3.

“British colonialism which was based on a capitalist system directly interfered to ensure the greatest profit and benefit to British capitalism.”

Which of the following statement/s substantiates the argument given above?

(A) Britishers did not change the laws of the land to gain the trust of the Indians and strengthen British capitalism.

(B) Britishers entered the forests, cleared trees and started tea plantations.

(D) All of the above

View Answer

Ans. (B) Britishers entered the forests, cleared trees and started tea plantations.

Question 4.

Which of the following statement/s indicates the importance of civil society organisations in the present times?

(A) Civil society organisations are engaged in advocacy and lobbying to solve various social issues.

(B) It is a place of active citizenship.

(D) All of the above

View Answer

Ans. (D) All of the above

Question 5.

Which of the statements is incorrect regarding the institution of the joint family?

(A) A joint family is also known as an extended family.

(B) It has only a single couple and a set of children.

(D) All of the above

View Answer

Ans. (B) It has only a single couple and a set of children.

Explanation: It is a family which consists of individuals of the same family from various generations.

Question 6.

Which of the following statements shows a link between industrialisation and urbanisation?

(A) Urbanisation is caused by de-industrialisation.

(B) Industrialisation increases job opportunities, leading to people migrating from rural to urban areas.

(D) (A) and (B)

View Answer

Ans. (B) Industrialisation increases job opportunities, leading to people migrating from rural to urban areas.

Question 7.

Which of the following indicates inequality and not diversity?

(A) The billion people in India speak 1632 different languages and dialects.

(B) India is a nation of different cultures.

(D) All of the above

View Answer

Ans. (C) The caste system has a hierarchy of castes.

Explanation: The caste system having a hierarchy of castes shows inequality and not diversity.

Question 8.

Assertion (A): The issue of economic exploitation under colonial rule was an important issue for the Indian nationalists.

Reason (R): Colonialism brought modern ideas to India which made people understand that poverty in India was a consequence of British rule and was not preventable.

(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(D) A is false but R is true.

View Answer

Ans. (C) A is true but R is false.

Explanation: A is true but R is false. Colonialism brought in modern ideas in India which made people understand that poverty in India was a consequence of British rule and was preventable.

Question 9.

Which of the following statement/s is/are incorrect concerning migrant workers?

(A) Migrant workers to urban areas are mostly employed as casual labourers.

(B) They mostly come from drought-prone and less productive regions.

(D) Wealthy farmers prefer to employ migrant workers instead of local workers for harvesting crops.

View Answer

Ans. (C) In urban areas, they are not exploited and paid well.

Question 10.

In the context of debate on the issue of female education, which of the below-mentioned scholar/s opened the first school for women in Pune?

(A) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

(B) Viresalingam

(D) Both (A) and (B)

View Answer

Ans. (C) Jotiba Phule

Question 11.

The first phase of the Green Revolution was in the 1960s and 1970s. What was not the consequence of this phase?

(A) Decreasing inequalities in rural areas

(B) Profitability because Green Revolution crops were profitable.

(D) Process of differentiation

View Answer

Ans. (A) Decreasing inequalities in rural areas

Question 12.

Assertion (A): Caste differences are not as significant as before.

Reason (R): Industrialisation leads to greater inequality.

(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(D) A is false but R is true.

View Answer

Ans. (C) A is true but R is false.

Explanation: Industrialisation leads to greater equality.

Question 13.

Culture and tradition are living dynamic entities. Examples of the same are:

(A) Sari has elements of both traditions (a loose unstitched piece of cloth) and a western petticoat and blouse.

(B) Pant and shirt is Indian wear and tie is Western wear. People wear all three these days.

(D) Both (A) and (C)

View Answer

Ans. (D) Both (A) and (C)

Question 14.

Marx and Mahatama Gandhi saw ______________ as a danger to employment.

(A) non-violence

(B) truth

(D) colonial rulers

View Answer

Ans. (C) mechanisation

Explanation: Both Marx and Mahatma Gandhi saw mechanisation as a danger to employment.

Question 15.

Assertion (A): Many government workers are scared that after disinvestment, they will lose their jobs.

Reason (R): In the process of disinvestment, a government sells its share in public sector companies to the private sector.

(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(D) A is false but R is true.

View Answer

Ans. (A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Question 16.

Schemes like MUDRA, Aatmanirbhar Bharat and Make in India are aimed at ___________

(A) building houses for marginalised sections

(B) generating employment and self-employment opportunities for the marginalised sections of society

(D) providing free rations to the SC community

View Answer

Ans. (B) generating employment and self-employment opportunities for the marginalised sections of society

Section-B

Question 17.

“Assertions of tribal identity are on the rise. This can be laid at the door of the emergence of a middle class within the tribal society…”

Based on the given passage, answer the following question.

Why is there an emergence of the middle class in the tribal society?

View Answer

Ans. Due to the introduction of modern education in tribal areas, there is a creation of an urbanised professional middle class.

“With the emergence of this class in particular, issues of culture, tradition, livelihood, even control over land and resources, as well as demands for a share in the benefits of the projects of modernity, have become an integral part of the articulation of identity among tribes.”

Based on the given passage, answer the following question.

Is this class phenomenon within tribal communities due to interactional processes or due to the primordial characteristics of the tribes?

View Answer

Ans. This class phenomenon within tribal communities is due to the interactional process as the tribes are interacting with the mainstream.

Question 18.

Different studies have shown that various types of family forms are found in India. Give two examples of two different types of families.

View Answer

Ans. 1. Patrilocal families are families wherein a newly married couple lives with the man’s family.

2. Matrilocal families are families wherein a newly married couple lives with a woman’s family.

Question 19.

Using an example, describe how a nation is a peculiar sort of community that is easy to describe but hard to define.

View Answer

Ans. This is because different nations are known and have been described based on parameters like shared religion, language, ethnicity, history and regional culture. However, it is difficult to come up with a definition or any characteristics that a nation must have.

Question 20.

With an example, show the two most important structural changes brought about by colonialism in India.

View Answer

Ans. The two most important structural changes brought about by colonialism in India are industrialisation and urbanization: –

(i) Industrialisation refers to the establishment and development of industries.

(ii) Urbanisation is considered to be a consequence of industrialisation. It refers to the development of urban areas (towns and cities).

Question 21.

Green Revolution was a government programme of agricultural modernisation. It provided farmers with HYV, pesticides, fertilisers and other inputs.

Do you think that there was any impact of the Green Revolution on the ecology of rural areas? Give a reason for your answer.

View Answer

Ans. The impact of the Green Revolution on the ecology of rural areas: decline in the water table, excessive use of pesticides changing the pH of the soil, biodiversity loss, water logging, and salination of soil.

Question 22.

An individual is emotionally attached to their community identity. Why do you think that happens?

View Answer

Ans. An individual is attached to the community identity because it is an ascribed identity. It is an identity of belonging to a particular group which provides them with a sense of satisfaction and security.

Question 23.

“…whereas earlier architects and engineers had to be skilled draughtsmen, now the computer does a lot of the work for them.”

The above statement advocates the use of machinery deskill workers. Do you think the same? Give a reason and substantiate your answer with an example.

View Answer

Ans. Sociologist Harry Braverman advocates the use of machinery deskill workers as most of the work of the workers is done by machines now. An example: is use of the calculators by workers which makes the latter weak in calculations.

Question 24.

The nineteenth-century social reform movements were marked by modern context and a mix of ideas.

Modern context, as explained by sociologist Satish Saberwal, has three important aspects that brought change in India. They are

(i) modes of communication,

(ii) forms of organisation, and

(iii) the nature of ideas.

Read the above passage and give one example of (i) and (iii) aspects to explain how they brought about cultural change.

View Answer

Ans. New forms of modes of communication brought about cultural change through the movement of goods, people, and ideas.

The ideas of freedom and equality, the importance of education, and pride in one’s culture emerged which brought in cultural change.

Describe the role played by the Muslim social reformers for reforming the Muslim society.

View Answer

Ans. Muslim social reformers actively debated the social evils plaguing the Muslim society. They had discourses on the meanings of polygamy and purdah and requested educated Muslim women to exercise their influence to end the practice of polygamy.

Question 25.

Explain how globalisation has transformed the rural society.

View Answer

Ans. Globalisation has penetrated the rural society which can be seen from the process of globalisation of agriculture. This has had a direct effect on the farmers as farmers have been incorporated into the larger global market.

Section-C

Question 26.

“We all want power, a solid house, clothes and other goods, but we should remember that these come to us because someone is working to produce them, often in very bad working conditions.”

What can this example talk about the working conditions of workers in the mining industry?

View Answer

Ans. The given statement explains the working conditions of mining workers. Miners take out coal from the mines which are used to produce electricity which is then transported to our homes. Working in a mine is dangerous as there can be flooding, fire, collapse of roofs and sides, emission of gases and ventilation failures at any moment. There is also an increased risk of injuries as these workers are not provided with suitable equipment for their safety. They also develop diseases like tuberculosis and silicosis.

Question 27.

The policies promoting assimilation are different from the policies promoting integration. What are these differences?

View Answer

Ans. The goals of the assimilationist strategy are to persuade, encourage or compel citizens to adhere to a common set of cultural values and standards. These values and standards are usually those that the dominant social group follows. Non-dominant groups are expected to follow this instead of adhering to their norms and values. The policies which promote integration insist that the public culture be followed as a common national pattern and that all personal cultures can be relegated to the private sphere.

How is the term ‘minority’ explained in sociology?

View Answer

Ans. The term minority is used more than a merely numerical distinction in sociology. This understanding is different from the basic understanding of the term which means something less in number. In sociology, the minority indicates the power hierarchy. It is used to indicate a sense of relative disadvantage. Therefore, it implies that a collective is formed by the members of the minority which provides them a sense of solidarity, a sense of ‘we-feeling’ and belongingness.

Question 28.

Using an example, show the consequences of the same on the relationships between people of different generations in a family.

View Answer

Ans. A high dependency ratio leads to the increase in the burden of providing for a large dependent population on a relatively smaller proportion of the working-age population. This is a cause for worry for countries like Japan which are facing a high dependency ratio due to an ageing population. It puts stress on the economy and reduces productivity growth.

Question 29.

“The imperatives of ‘development’ have governed attitudes towards tribes and shaped the policies of the state.” There is a contradiction between national development and tribal development. Explain this statement.

View Answer

Ans. National development has always been focused towards the growth of the national economy which policymakers believe can be achieved by building large dams, factories and mines. Because of the location of tribal areas in mineral and forest- rich regions, tribes have faced the brunt of the development processes. It is advocated that national development will lead to tribal development but we have seen that has not been the case. An example can be taken of dams being built on Narmada and tribal people being displaced as a result of it.

Question 30.

“According to Ramachandra Guha in his book, Unquiet Woods, villagers rallied together to save the oak and rhododendron forests near their villages.”

Which movement is being talked about in the lines given above? Give reasons for your answer.

View Answer

Ans. The lines discuss an ecological movement named the Chipko movement. This movement took place in the Himalayan foothills wherein villagers rallied to save the trees which provided their subsistence. In this movement, it was witnessed that whenever forest contractors came to cut down the oak and rhododendron trees, villagers, especially a lot of women, came forward to save the trees by hugging the tree to prevent their felling. This movement raised the issues of social inequality and ecological sustainability.

Question 31.

How are social inequality and exclusion facts of our everyday life? Elaborate.

View Answer

Ans. Social inequality and exclusion are facts of life in the Indian society. Small children are engaged as domestic workers and house help. People are seen begging for food outside hotels, railway stations, and streets. Women are subjected to abuses (emotional, physical, mental) both in public and private spaces. News reports are flushed with the news of Dalit students being made to clean the washrooms of the schools and being made to sit outside the classrooms. People from minority communities are discriminated against by the people from the majority community.

Question 32.

The state of Kerela has undergone a different process of development and it is in contrast to that of the eastern UP and Bihar regions. Explain with a suitable example.

View Answer

Ans. (a) The factors that have led to a different process of development in Kerela are:

(i) effective political mobilisation,

(ii) redistributive measures

(iii) effective land reforms

(iv) linkages to an external economy such as Gulf countries

(b) The rural areas in Kerela are not primarily agrarian. These areas have mixed economy which is based on integrating agriculture with various retail sales and services. The rural economy in Kerela also benefits quite significantly from remittances from abroad (primarily Gulf countries).

Section-D

Question 33.

Based on the given graph, answer the following questions.

“The growth rate of India’s population has not always been very high. Between 1901 and 1951, the average annual growth rate did not exceed 1.33%, a modest rate of growth. In fact, between 1911 and 1921, there was negative rate of growth of -0.03%. This was because of the influenza epidemic during 1918-19…The growth rate of population substantially increased after independence from British rule going up to 2.2% during 1961- 1981…Before 1931, both death rates and birth rates were high, whereas, after this transitional moment the death rates fell sharply…”

(A) What were the two principal causes for the decline of the death rate after 1921?

View Answer

Ans. Two principal causes for the decline of the death

rate after 1921 were:

(i) increased levels of control over famines

(ii) epidemic diseases

(B) What do you infer about the demographic transition?

View Answer

Ans. The concept of demographic transition is linked with the stages of population growth. In the lines given above, one can see that this demographic transition was witnessed around the decade of 1921 to 1931.

View Answer

Ans. Between the first stage (low population growth) and the third stage (low growth) phase, there is a transitional stage of movement from a backwards to an advanced stage which is characterised by high rates of growth of population which is known as the phase of demographic transition. The implications of demographic transition are: high growth of population means increased opportunities for potential human resources which can be used when these individuals become a part of the working age group.

Question 34.

“Some communities were characterised as ‘martial races’, some others as effeminate or cowardly, yet others as trustworthy. In both English and Indian fictional writings, we often encounter an entire group of people classified as ‘lazy’ or ‘cunning’.”

Based on the given passage, answer the following questions.

(A) What do you understand by the term stereotype?

View Answer

Ans. Stereotypes refer to fixed and rigid characterisations or perceptions of a group of people. Some examples of the same are how some races are considered to be ‘martial races’ and how Asians are considered to be bad drivers.

(B) What are the consequences of stereotyping a particular group or a community?

Do you think prejudices are grounded in stereotypes? Give reasons for your answer.

View Answer

Ans. The consequence of stereotyping a particular community is that the community and individuals are discriminated against and made fun of based on this characteristic. Stereotypes linked to women are: girls like to play with dolls and women are accommodating and emotional. Yes, prejudices are grounded in stereotypes. Women are considered (or stereotyped) to be the ‘weaker sex’ and that categorisation is used against them all the time- in assigning work to them at home or in assigning duties to them at the workplace.

Question 35.

What are the three types of social movements and how can these be understood in the context of Indian society?

View Answer

Ans. The three types of social movements are:

(i) Redemptive social movement: It is also considered to be transformative. It focuses on bringing in a change in the consciousness and actions of the members of the community that it is linked with. For instance, the movement led by Narayan Guru in Kerela encouraged the people of the Ezhava community to change their social practices.

(ii) Reformist social movement: This aims to bring in a reform in the system. It strives to gradually change the existing social and political arrangements. For instance, the social movement for the reorganisation of states based on language in the 1960s.

(iii) Revolutionary social movement: The members aim to bring in a revolution. This movement aims to radically reform social relations. This is done by trying to capture state power. For instance, the Naxalite movement in India.

Class XII – Sociology Sample Paper – 3