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TIME: 3 HOURS Maximum Marks: 80
General Instructions
1. The question paper is divided into four sections.
2. There are 35 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
3. Section A includes question No. 1-16. These are MCQ type questions. As per the question, there can be one answer.
4. Section B includes question No.17-25. These are very short answer type questions carrying 2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 30 words.
5. Section C includes question No. 26-32. They are short answer type questions carrying 4 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 80 words.
6. Section D includes question No. 33-35. They are long answer type questions carrying 6 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 200 words each.
7. Question no. 33 is to be answered with the help of the given graphics. Question no. 34 is to be answered with the help of the given passage.
SECTION A
1. Assertion (A): People often do not see the end result of their work because they are producing only one small part of a product.
Reason(R): Industrialisation involves a detailed division of labour where people do not enjoy work, and see it as something they have to do only in order to survive.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false and R is true.
View AnswerAns. a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Which of the following stages, as per the Theory of Demographic Transition, is that of high population growth?
a) First Stage
b) Both first and second stage
c) Second Stage
d) Third Stage
View AnswerAns. c) Second Stage
3. Which of the following statements is not true for the institution of caste today?
a) some scholars argue that what we know today as caste is more a product of colonialism than of ancient Indian tradition.
b) Counting and official recording of caste identities gave the institution a new life.
c) The institution became extremely flexible.
d) Government of India Act of 1935 was passed which gave legal recognition to the lists or ‘schedules’ of castes and tribes marked out for special treatment by the state. This is how the terms ‘Scheduled Tribes’ and the ‘Scheduled Castes’ came into being.
View AnswerAns. c) The institution became extremely flexible.
4. Which of the following reasons are responsible for the invisibility of the caste system in the upper castes and upper middle class?
a) Policy of reservation
b) Education and Employment in Private Sector
c) developmental policies of the post-colonial era
d) their lead over the rest of society (in terms of education) did not ensure protection from serious competition
View AnswerAns. c) developmental policies of the post-colonial era
5. “Considering from an urban point of view, the rapid growth in urbanization shows that the town or city has been acting as a magnet for the rural population.” Choose the incorrect statement about urbanization in India?
a) Rural- to- Urban migration has increased due to decline in common property resources.
b) Urban areas are a decisive force in terms of political dynamics.
c) People go to cities in search of work.
d) Cities offer anonymity to the poor and oppressed class.
View AnswerAns. b) Urban areas are a decisive force in terms of political dynamics.
6. In which ways Adivasis struggles are different from Dalit struggle?
a) They were not discriminated against like the Dalits.
b) Their social and economic conditions were better than the Dalits
c) They did not face social exclusion like the Dalits.
d) Adivasis were concentrated in contagious areas and could demand statehood
View AnswerAns. d) Adivasis were concentrated in contagious areas and could demand statehood
7. Stereotypes fix whole groups into single_______ categories, they refuse to recognize the_______ across individuals and across context or across time.
a) Homogeneous, variation
b) Heterogeneous, similarities
c) Broad, similarities
d) Diverse, differences
View AnswerAns. a) Homogeneous, variation
8. Person from a well-off family can afford expensive higher education. Someone with influential relatives and friends may – through access to good advice, recommendations or information – manage to get a well-paid job. Which concept is being talked of?
a) Forms of capital by Bourdieu
b) Resources by Bourdieu
c) Ideal types by Max Weber
d) Ideal Types by Bourdieu
View AnswerAns. a) Forms of capital by Bourdieu
9. Assertion(A): The everydayness of social inequality and exclusion often make them appear inevitable, almost natural. Reason(R): The common-sense understanding is that the poor and marginalised are where they are because they are lacking in ability, or haven’t tried hard enough to improve their situation.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false and R is true.
View AnswerAns. a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
10. Cultural diversity can present tough challenges. Which of the following is not a reason for challenge?
a) It can arouse intense passions among its members and mobilise large numbers of people
b) Economic and social inequalities among the communities.
c) Equal distribution of scarce resources- like river water, jobs or governments funds.
d) Injustices suffered by one community provoke opposition from same communities.
View AnswerAns. c) Equal distribution of scarce resources- like river water, jobs or governments funds.
11. Policies promoting integration involve
a) Outright suppression of identities of groups which are in minority.
b) Complete erosion of cultural differences between groups.
c) Elimination of ethno-national and cultural differences from the public arena.
d) All of the above.
View AnswerAns. d) All of the above.
12. Assertion (A): Urbanisation in the colonial period saw the formation of new urban centres.
Reason (R): These urban centres were designed to functions as trading posts alone.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false and R is true.
View AnswerAns. c) A is true but R is false.
13. Assertion (A): The impact of Sanskritisation is many sided.
Reason (R): Its influence can be seen in language, literature, ideology, music, dance, drama, style of life and ritual.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false and R is true.
View AnswerAns. a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
14. Major difference between developing and developed countries is in the number of people in ___________salaried employment.
a) Daily Wages
b) Regular
c) Irregular
d) Both b) & c)
View AnswerAns. b) Regular
15. The Right to Information campaign is an example of ____________.
a) Redemptive Movement
b) Reformist Movement
c) Revolutionary Movement
d) Old Social Movement
View AnswerAns. b) Reformist Movement
16. Which of the following is not a feature of social movements?
a) Sustained collective action
b) Aims to bring about changes on a public issue
c) Shared objectives and ideologies
d) Does not need leadership or structure
View AnswerAns. d) Does not need leadership or structure
SECTION-B
17. In Modern Foods, which was set up by the government to make healthy bread available at cheap prices, and which was the first company to be privatised, 60% of the workers were forced to retire in the first five years. Based on the given passage, answer the following question. How did disinvestment impact the workers?
View AnswerAns. In Modern Foods, which was set up by the government to make healthy bread available at cheap prices, and which was the first company to be privatised, 60% of the workers were forced to retire in the first five years.
Based on the given passage, answer the following question.
How did disinvestment impact the workers?
· Sale of share in public sector companies.
· Loss of jobs; reduction in employees
(OR)
“In Maruti Udyog Ltd. two cars roll off the assembly line every minute. Workers get only 45 minutes rest in the entire day – two tea breaks of 7.5 minutes each and one lunch break of half an hour. Most of them are exhausted by the age of 40 and take voluntary retirement.”
Based upon above passage, answer the following question. What, according to you, is the impact of the factory’s working condition on the workers and on the factory?
View AnswerAns. “In Maruti Udyog Ltd. two cars roll off the assembly line every minute. Workers get only 45 minutes rest in the entire day – two tea breaks of 7.5 minutes each and one lunch break of half an hour. Most of them are exhausted by the age of 40 and take voluntary retirement.” Based upon above passage, answer the following question.
What, according to you, is the impact of the factory’s working condition on the workers and on the factory?
Impact on the factory
· Cost cutting allows for profit
· Reduction in number of permanent employees Impact on worker
· More people opting for voluntary retirement
· Reduction in number of permanent employees
· Workers are always very tense due to practices such as just-intime and outsourcing
18. Many of our cultural practices and patterns can be traced to our agrarian backgrounds. Give two examples.
View AnswerAns. Many of our cultural practices and patterns can be traced to our agrarian backgrounds. Give two examples.
Most of the new year festivals in different regions of India such as Pongal in Tamil Nadu, Bihu in Assam, Baisakhi in Punjab celebrate
· the main harvest reason
· herald the beginning of new agricultural season
19. Using an example, describe adivasis internal colonialism.
View AnswerAns. Using an example, describe adivasis internal colonialism.
· After independence, government monopoly over forests continued.
· Adivasi land acquired for mining and dam projects in the name of national development.
· Sardar Sarovar Dam project
20. With an example show how being a minority group can be disadvantageous in one sense but not in another.
View AnswerAns. With an example show how being a minority group can be disadvantageous in one sense but not in another.
· Example-Parsis and Sikhs
· Economically well-off
· Culturally disadvantaged due to overwhelming majority of Hindus
21. The 1989 Prevention of Atrocities Act revised and strengthened the legal provisions punishing acts of violence or humiliation against Dalits and adivasis. Legislation on this subject was passed repeatedly.
Do you think state action alone can ensure social change? Give reasons for your answer.
Ans. The 1989 Prevention of Atrocities Act revised and strengthened the legal provisions punishing acts of violence or humiliation against Dalits and adivasis. Legislation on this subject was passed repeatedly.
[/expand]Do you think state action alone can ensure social change? Give reasons for your answer.
View AnswerNo
· Human beings are always capable of organising and acting on their own to struggle for justice and dignity.
· This is needed to bring about attitudinal change.
22. City offers relative anonymity to those migrating to it. What do you mean by relative anonymity?
View AnswerAns. City offers relative anonymity to those migrating to it. What do you mean by relative anonymity?
· Poorer sections would not be known by ascriptive identities
· Partial protection to socially oppressed
· Poorer sections of socially dominant groups can engage in low status work
23. “If hard labour were such a good thing the rich would keep it all for themselves. All over the world, back-breaking work like stone breaking, digging, carrying heavy weights, pulling rickshaws or carts is invariably done by the poor. And yet they rarely improve their life chances.”
Which social phenomena is reflected in this proverb? Give any two characteristics of this phenomena.
View AnswerAns. “If hard labour were such a good thing the rich would keep it all for themselves. All over the world, back-breaking work like stone breaking, digging, carrying heavy weights, pulling rickshaws or carts is invariably done by the poor. And yet they rarely improve their life chances.”
Which social phenomena is reflected in this proverb? Give any two characteristics of this phenomena.
· Social stratification
· Characteristics-persists over generations; based on a beliefs; not a function of individual difference (any two)
24. Rabindranath Tagore on the evils of exclusive nationalism …where the spirit of the Western nationalism prevails, the whole people is being taught from boyhood to foster hatred and ambitions by all kinds of means — by the manufacture of half-truths and untruths in history, by persistent misrepresentation of other races and the culture of unfavorable sentiments towards them…Never think for a moment that the hurt you inflict upon other races will not infect you, or that the enmities you sow around your homes will be a wall of protection to you for all time to come? To imbue the minds of a whole people with an abnormal vanity of its own superiority, to teach it to take pride in its moral callousness and I’ll be gotten wealth, to perpetuate humiliation of defeated nations by exhibiting trophies won from war, and using these schools in order to breed in children’s minds contempt for others, is imitating the West where she has a festering sore…
Source: On Nationalism by Rabindranath Tagore. First published in 1917, Reprint Edition of Macmillan, Madras 1930. Read the passage and show any two ways in which exclusive nationalism is practiced.
(OR)
Is statehood always based on linguistic identity? Give reasons for your answer.
View AnswerAns. No. Combination of ethnicity based on tribal identities, language, regional deprivation and ecology provides the basis for intense regionalism resulting in statehood.
25. In what ways have social movements shaped the world we live and continue to do so?
View AnswerAns. In what ways have social movements shaped the world we live and continue to do so?
· Work day should not exceed 8 hours.
· Men and women should be paid equally for doing the same work.
· Workers are entitled to social security and pension. (any two)
SECTION-C
26. Kumudtai’s journey into Sanskrit began with great interest and eagerness with Gokhale Guruji, her teacher at school… At the University, the Head of the Department was a well-known scholar and he took great pleasure in taunting Kumudtai…Despite the adverse comments she successfully completed her Masters in Sanskrit….
Source: Kumud Pawade (1938)
What does Kumud Pawade’s autobiography show us about the relation between gender and caste?
View AnswerAns. · Dalit woman became a Sanskrit teacher
· As a student she is drawn towards the study of Sanskrit, perhaps because it is the means through which she can break into a field that was not possible for her to enter on grounds of gender and caste.
· she was drawn towards it because it would enable her to read in the original what the texts have to say about women and the Dalits.
· As she proceeds with her studies, she meets with varied reactions ranging from surprise to hostility, from guarded acceptance to brutal rejection.
27. The post independent Indian state’s caste considerations had some contradictions. What were these contradictions?
View AnswerAns. · State was committed to the abolition of caste
· State was both unable and unwilling to push through radical reforms which would have undermined the economic basis of caste inequality.
· State assumed that if it operated in a caste-blind manner, it would undermine caste -based privileges and eventual abolition.
· Appointment to govt. jobs took no account of caste, leaving illiterate lower caste and well-educated upper caste to compete on equal terms.
(OR)
What are the factors behind the assertion of tribal identity today?
View AnswerAns. · tribal identities today are centred on ideas of resistance and opposition to the overwhelming force of the non-tribal world
· The positive impact of successes – such as the achievement of statehood for Jharkhand and Chattisgarh
· gradual emergence of an educated middle class among tribal communities
· issues relating to control over vital economic resources like land and specially forests, and issues relating to matters of ethnic-cultural identity
28. Using an example, show how the treatment of Indian plantation labour was different from the way colonial administration treated their own labour back home.
View AnswerAns. · people brought from far-off homes into strange lands, possessing an unhealthy climate and infected with strange fevers,
· Required the provision of financial and other incentives, which the tea-planters of Assam were unwilling to offer.
· Planters took recourse to fraud and coercion
· Planters persuaded the government to aid and abet them passing penal laws
29. “Every human being needs a sense of stable identity to operate in this world. Questions like — Who am I? How am I different from others? How do others understand and comprehend me? What goals and aspirations should I have? – constantly crop up in our life right from childhood. We are able to answer many of these questions because of the way in which we are socialised, or taught how to live in society by our immediate families and our community in various senses.”
During a communal conflict, communities construct matching but opposite mirror images of each other. Explain this statement.
View AnswerAns. · Each side in the conflict thinks of the other side as a hated enemy
· tendency to exaggerate the virtues of one’s own side as well as the vices of the other side
· each side believes that God and truth are on their side
· when two nations are at war, patriots in each nation see the other as the enemy aggressor
30. “Green Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s brought about significant changes in the areas where it took place. The Green Revolution, as you know, was a government programme of agricultural modernisation. It was largely funded by international agencies that was based on providing high-yielding variety(HYV) or hybrid seeds along with pesticides, fertilisers, and other inputs, to farmers.”
Was Green Revolution always accompanied by positive social effects? Give reasons for your answer.
View AnswerAns. No
· primarily the medium and large farmers who were able to benefit from the new technology
· increasing inequalities in rural society
· displacement of the service caste groups
· market oriented cultivation, especially where a single crop is grown, a fall in prices or a bad crop can spell financial ruin for farmers
· worsening of regional inequalities (any 4)
31. “The structure of the family can be studied both as a social institution in itself and also in its relationship to other social institutions of society.” Elaborate.
View AnswerAns. · work schedules of young parents in the software industry
· changes are purposely brought about, as when young people decide to choose their spouses instead of letting elders decide
· migration of men from the villages of the Himalayan region can lead to an unusual proportion of women-headed families in the village
· when young people decide to choose their spouses instead of letting elders decide
32. The agrarian structure becomes more unequal with high agricultural productivity. Explain with a suitable example.
View AnswerAns. · Places with plentiful rain and assured irrigation have intensive agriculture
· More labour needed
· Labour predominantly from lower caste
· Agrarian structure of such regions unequal because they had large numbers of landless bonded labourers
SECTION-D
33.
Based on the given Population Pyramids of India for the year 2026 and 2050, answer the following questions.
a) What is demographic dividend?
View AnswerAns. benefit flowing from the changing age structure
b) What do you infer, on comparing the given graphics for the age group of 0-4 and 60-64?
View AnswerAns. Population in the 55-59 age range is decreasing and that in the 60-64 age range is increasing.
c) What, according to you, are the implications of this inference?
View AnswerAns. India must utilize the potential of people in the working age-group before the demographic window closes. It must also introduce policy changes to provide social security for the increasing number of senior citizens.
34. “Niyamgiri Hills is home to Dongria Kondh, a particularly vulnerable tribal group, who had unanimously voted against a project by state government-owned Odisha Mining Corporation (OMC) and Sterlite Industries which wanted to mine bauxite. The villages’ decision followed a landmark Supreme Court verdict on April 18, 2013, that vindicated the decade-long movement. The court said forest clearance for the mining project, which had been withdrawn by the Environment Ministry in 2010, could be given only after taking the consent of the gram sabhas, or village councils, in the region in tandem with the Forest Right Act (FRA).”
(Source: Development At Cost Of Human Lives? Revisiting Adivasi Resistance In Mali Parbat, Niyamgiri Hills, Shreya Basak, 19 Jan 2023 12:29 PM, Outlook)
Based on the given passage, answer the following questions.
a) What is a social movement?
View AnswerAns. Sustained collective action, with shared ideology and goals, with some degree organization, to demand changes in state policy.
b) Based on your reading of the passage, identify the issues that the social movement addresses.
View AnswerAns. Identity and cultural practices of tribals; ecological issues.
c) Would you classify this social movement as old or new? Give reasons for your answer.
View AnswerAns. New Combination of class and quality of life issues; not localized and not within the frame of political parties
35. What changes did globalization and liberalization introduce in the Indian industrial society?
View AnswerAns. · Private companies, especially foreign firms, are encouraged to invest in sectors earlier reserved for the government, including telecom, civil aviation, power, etc.
· Licenses are no longer required to open industries.
· Disinvestment
· Indian companies are becoming multinational companies
· Indian companies being bought over by multinational companies
· Outsourcing