SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER (2021-22)
PSYCHOLOGY
TERM II
CLASS 12
Time: 2 Hrs Max. Marks: 35
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
- The paper has 12 questions.
- All questions are compulsory.
- Section A- Question number 1 to 3 are 2 marks each. The answer to these
questions must not exceed 40 words.
- Section B- Question number 4 to 6 are 3-marks questions. The answer to these questions should not exceed 80 words.
- Section C- Question number 7-10 are 4-marks questions. The answer to these questions should not exceed 120 words.
- Section D has one case study. There are 2 questions based on this case study, Question No 11 and 12. Each question carries 2 marks. Answer to these questions should not exceed 40 words. Answer both questions.
SECTION A
1. What is ICD-10? Who prepares and it state its use in treatment of mental disorders?
Ans. ICD 10 – International Classification of Diseases 10. It is prepared by WHO (World Health Organization).
It helps us to understand a mental disorder in detail. With each disorder a description is given with main clinical features including diagnostic guidelines in this scheme, which helps a clinician to understand a disorder.
2. Define Logotherapy.
Ans. Logotherapy was propounded by Viktor Frankl. lt is a therapy used in Existential therapy.
- Logos is a Greek word for soul and Logotherapy means treatment of the soul
- It is the process of finding meaning in life threatening circumstances as the process of mean making.
- The basis of mean making is a person’s quest for finding the spiritual truth of one’s existence.
3. What is Panic Disorder and mention its clinical features?
Ans. Panic disorder consist of recurrent anxiety attacks in which the person experiences intense terror.
Clinical features
• Shortness of breath
• Dizziness
• Trembling
• Palpitations
• Choking
• Nausea
• Chest pain
• Discomfort or feeling of going crazy
OR
What is a Conduct Disorder? Mention the types of aggression shown by such children.
Ans. Conduct Disorder refers to age-inappropriate actions and attitudes that violate family expectations, societal norms and the personal or property rights of others. The behaviors of typical conduct disorder are -property damage, major deceitfulness and serious rule violations.
Types
1. Verbal aggression – Name calling, swearing
2. Physical aggression – Hitting, fighting
3. Hostile aggression – Inflicting injury to others
4. Proactive aggression – Dominating or bullying others.
SECTION B
4. Alby had a bad fight with her parents because they didn’t allow her for late night parties. This was not the first time she was having a fight with her parents and creating tantrums. Few days later, she feels bad and wanted to change her bad attitude of being a disobedient daughter to her parents. How can Alby change her attitude with reference to two step concept model?
Ans. The two step concept model was proposed by S.M. Mohsin. According to him altitude changes take place in the form of two steps.
(i) First step is identification. Identification means target has liking and regard for the source. She/he puts herself/himself in the place of target and tries to feel like them. The source must have positive attitude towards the target, and the regard and attraction becomes mutual.
E.g.- First step Alby should take is to think from her parent’s side-to understand their views and opinions and have a healthy mutual relationship.
(ii) Secondly, the source shows attitude change, which can cause a change of attitude and behaviour in target.
E.g.-According to the two-step concept theory, Alby and her parents should have a mutual liking for each other
If parents bring about change in their behaviour and start behaving in a very humble and polite manner. Likewise, Alby will also bring about change in her behaviour and stop throwing tantrums. She will also start understanding their perspective and behave humbly.
5. Clinical formulation is formulating the problem of the client in the therapeutic model being used in the treatment. Discuss the advantages of following the formulation.
Ans. The advantages of following clinical formulation are
(i) Understanding of the problem.
(ii) Identification of the areas to be targeted for treatment in psychotherapy.
(iii) Choice of techniques for treatment.
(iv) It is an ongoing session and requires information at every stage of treatment.
OR
What are the different types of psychotherapy? On what basis are they classified?
Ans. Different types of Psychotherapies are – psychodynamic, behaviour, and existential psychotherapies.
They are classified on following basis –
1. On the basis of the cause led to the problem and how the cause came into existence.
2. Method which is to be used for treatment, e.g., understanding thoughts, feelings, dream analysis all these are used in Psychodynamic therapy method.
3. On the basis of therapeutic relationship between client and therapist.
4. Target of the therapy, whether cognitive change or behavioural modification or personal growth.
5. Duration of the treatment.
They are classified based on:
Compliance influence that refers to behaving in a particular way in response to request made by someone. E.g. – Paying fine when law or rule is violated.
Obedience is a form of social influence in which compliance is shown to people in authority. E.g – Trying a particular juice after seeing an ad by your favourite celebrity.
6. Explain the relationship between attitude and behaviour.
Ans. (i) An attitude is a state of the mind, a set of views, or thoughts, regarding some topic (called the ‘attitude object’), which have an evaluative feature (positive, negative or neutral quality).
In this the emotional aspect forms the Affective component, thought or thinking aspect forms Cognitive component and action related aspect forms Behavioural component. Thus, together these form A-B-C components (Affective-Behavioural-Cognitive components) of attitude.
(ii) Authority general possess symbols of status which people find difficult to resist.
(iii) Authority gradually increases commands from lesser to greater levels and initial obedience binds for commitment.
SECTION C
7. What is eating disorder? Mention its types.
Ans. Eating disorders are related to maladaptive habits that individual have in eating patterns.
Anorexia nervosa – Individual perceives distorted body image that leads to see themselves as overweight. Often refusing to eat in front of others, the anorexic loses large amounts of weight and even starve to death.
Bulimia nervosa – Individual may eat excessive amounts of food, then purge themselves by using medicines or by vomiting. The person feels disgusted and ashamed when he binges and relieves tension and negative feelings by purging. Binge eating is frequent episodes of out-of-control eating.
OR
What are dissociative disorders? Explain their various types.
Ans. Dissociation can be viewed as severance of the connections between ideas and emotions.
Dissociation involves feelings of unreality, estrangement, depersonalisation, and sometimes a loss or shift of identity. Sudden temporary alterations of consciousness that blot out painful experiences are a defining characteristic of dissociative disorders. Conditions included in this are Dissociative Amnesia, Dissociative Identity Disorder, and Depersonalisation/Derealisation Disorder.
Dissociative amnesia: It is characterised by extensive but selective memory loss that has no known organic cause (e.g., head injury). Some people cannot remember anything about their past. Others can no longer recall specific events, people, places, or objects, while their memory for other events remains intact. A part of dissociative amnesia is dissociative fugue. Essential feature of this could be an unexpected travel away from home and workplace, the assumption of a new identity, and the inability to recall the previous identity. The fugue usually ends when the person suddenly ‘wakes up’ with no memory of the events that occurred during the fugue. This disorder is often associated with an overwhelming stress.
Dissociative identity disorder: It is often referred to as multiple personality, is the most dramatic of the dissociative disorders. It is often associated with traumatic experiences in childhood. In this disorder, the person assumes alternate personalities that may or may not be aware of each other.
Depersonalisation/Derealisation disorder: It involves a dream like state in which the person has a sense of being separated both from self and from reality. In depersonalisation, there is a change of self- perception, and the person’s sense of reality is temporarily lost or changed.
8. Explain the academic and social skills of individuals with different levels of mental retardation.
Ans. Mild (IQ range 50-70)
Academic skills- optimal learning environment; third to sixth grade.
Social skills- has friends, can learn to adjust quickly.
-Moderate (IQ range 35-49)
Academic skills- Very few academic skills; first or second grade is maximal.
Social skills- Capable of making friends but has difficulty in many social situations.
-Severe (IQ range 20-34}and Profound (IQ range below 20)
Academic skills- no academic skills
Social skills- not capable of having real friends; no social interactions.
9. What do you understand by the term ‘dissociation’? Discuss its various forms.
Ans. Dissociations involves feeling of unreality, estrangement, depersonalization and sometimes loss or shift of identity. Four conditions are included in this group:
(i) Dissociative amnesia: The person is unable to recall important personal information often related to stressful and traumatic report. The extent of forgetting is beyond normal.
(ii) Dissociative fugue: The person suffers from a rare disorder that combines amnesia with travelling away from a stressful environment.
(iii) Dissociative identity (multiple personality): The person exhibits two or more separate and contrasting personalities associated with a history of physical abuse.
(iv) Depersonalisation/Derealisation Disorder: The person experiences a change in the person’s sense of reality and perception of self.
OR
What do you understand by the term ‘somatization’? Discuss its various forms.
Ans. Somatoform disorders are conditions in which there are physical symptoms in absence of a physical disease. In somatoform the individual has psychological difficulties and complains of physical symptoms, for there are no biological causes. The different forms of disorder include-
(i) Illness Anxiety Disorder: A person interprets insignificant symptoms as signs of a serious illness despite repeated medical evaluation that points to no pathology/disease.
(ii) Somatic Symptom Disorder: A person exhibits vague and recurring physical/bodily symptoms such as pain, acidity, etc., without any organic cause.
(iii) Conversion Disorder: The person suffers from a loss or impairment of motor or sensory function e.g., paralysis, blindness etc. that has no physical cause, but may be response to stress and psychological problems.
10. Taniya wants to form a group for group discussion to discuss about the upcoming farewell party. How will Taniya form the group by explaining the stages of group formation?
Ans. Tuckman suggested that groups pass through five developmental sequences. These are forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning.
– When groups first meet, there is a great deal of uncertainty about goal, and how it is achieved. There is excitement as well as apprehensions. This stage is called forming stage.
E.g.: Taniya can call her group members to her home or any common place to discuss about the program.
After this stage, there is a stage of intragroup conflict, which is referred to as storming stage. When this stage is complete, there is a sort of hierarchy of leadership in the group and it develops a clear vision.
E.g.: Taniya can be a moderator and initiate the ideas for the party, date themes, list of programs, venue and budget etc.
– The storming stage is followed by another stage known as norming stage. Group members by this time develop norms related to group behaviour.
E.g.: Taniya can divide the group members into groups to handle the different sections and set the rules, regulations and plans for the program.
– The fourth stage is performing. The group moves towards achieving the group goal
E.g.: The ideas that they have planned for the farewell party is put into action and program is
organised accordingly.
SECTION D
Antony, is a 40-year-old man, who looks 10 years younger. He is brought to hospital, his 12th hospitalization, by his mother because she is afraid of him. He is dressed in ragged overcoat, bathroom slippers and wears several medals around his neck. His affect ranges from anger to his mother to giggling. His speech and manner have a childlike quality, he walks with a mincing step and exaggerated hip movements. His mother reports that he stopped taking his medication about a month ago and has since begun to hear voices and to look and act more bizarrely. When asked what he has been doing, he says “Eating wires and lighting fires”. His spontaneous speech is often incoherent and marked by frequent rhyming and clang associations.
11. Based on the given case study, define what disorder does Antony have?
Ans. Antony has schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a descriptive term for a group of psychotic disorders in which personal, social and occupational functioning deteriorate as a result of disturbed thought processes, strange perceptions, unusual emotional states and motor abnormalities.
12. List the symptoms of schizophrenia.
Ans. Symptoms of three categories – positive symptoms, negative symptoms and psychomotor symptoms.
1. Positive symptoms: Pathological excesses or bizarre additions to a person’s behaviour. It includes delusions, hallucinations and disorganised thoughts.
2. Negative symptoms: Pathological deficits and include poverty of speech, blunted and flat affect, loss of violation and social withdrawal.
3. Psychomotor symptoms: Move less spontaneously or make old grimaces and gestures. These symptoms take extreme forms known as catatonia.