SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER (2021-22)
POLITICAL SCIENCE
TERM II
CLASS 12
Time: 2 Hrs Max. Marks: 40
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
- This question paper has 3 Sections A, B & C.
- Section A has 8 questions of 2 marks each. Answer to these questions should be completed within 50 words each.
- Section B has 3 questions of 4 marks each. Answer to these questions should be completed within 100 words each. Answer of map question should be attempted accordingly.
- Section C has 2 questions of 6 marks each. Answer to these questions should be completed within 170 words each.
SECTION A
1. What does worldwide inter connectedness imply? Mention any one of its components?
Ans. The worldwide inter connectedness implies interlinking the world through the free flow of goods and services, technology, ideas and people across the globe to extend globalisation. This contains three components.
(i) Capital flow: It is the flow of resources through loans or business investments among the countries.
(ii) Trade flow: It refers to the exchange of goods among countries.
(iii) Labour flow: It refers to ‘brain gain’ by creating favourable conditions for employment.
OR
Where does economic globalisation draw our attention to?
Ans. The mention of economic globalisation draws our attention immediately to the role of international institutions like the IMF and the WTO and the role they play in determining economic policies across the world.
2. Describe any two outcomes of the Naxalite movements.
Ans. Two outcomes of the Naxalite movements were:
(i) Naxalite movement, particularly, strong in West Bengal spread to the different parts of India. Nine states had been affected by their activities.
(ii) Human right activist alleged government for using violence and harsh measures against them and criticised government for violating the Constitution.
3. Describe the provisions of the National Emergency.
Ans. The provisions of the National Emergency are:
(i) National Emergency can be declared under Article 352, whereby the security of India is threatened by war or external aggression or armed rebellion.
(ii) The President of India has the power to impose emergency rule in any or all the Indian states.
4. Who was unanimously chosen as the leader of the Congress Parliamentary Party after the death of Nehru?
Ans. When Nehru passed away, the then President, K Kamraj, of the Congress party consulted party members and found that there was a consensus in favour of Lal Bahadur Shastri as he was a non controversial leader from Uttar Pradesh who had been a minister in Nehru’s cabinet for many years. Nehru had come to depend a lot on him his last years.
5. “In the new era of coalition politics, political parties are not aligning or realigning based on ideology.” What arguments would you put forward to support or oppose this statement?
Ans. the statement is justified because n the new era of coalition politics, the emphasis is on pragmatic considerations rather than ideological positions and political alliance without ideological agreement:
(i) Coalition politics has shifted the focus from ideological differences to power-sharing arrangements.
(ii) Most parties of NDA did not agree with the ‘Hindutva’ ideology of BJP, still, they came together to form the government and remained in power also for the full term.
6. Suggest any two measures that can be taken to improve relations between India and Pakistan.
Ans. Measures that can be taken to improve relations with Pakistan:
(i) Trade should be encouraged.
(ii) Negotiations should be held to resolve various issues of conflict.
(iii) Confidence-building measures should be undertaken to reduce the risk of war.
(iv) Social activists and prominent personalities must collaborate to create an atmosphere of friendship.
(v) More bus and rail routes be opened between the two countries to develop better transport and communication facilities.
7. How did globalisation help in the medical field?
Ans. Although globalisation increases the risk of spreading diseases, it also helps in finding an effective and speedy cure for the diseases with the collaboration of the medical facilities and knowledge of many countries. The various ways in which globalisation has helped in the medical field are:
(i) Exports of medicines has increased.
(ii) Helped in finding an effective and speedy cure for the diseases with the collaboration of the medical facilities and knowledge of many countries.
(iii) Inviting foreign doctors and creating employment opportunities in the various countries.
8. Mention any two reasons due to which Janata Party won the election of 1977?
Ans. The two reasons were:
(i) The non-democratic character of the Congress during emergency.
(ii) The public opinion was against the Congress which lead to the Janata Party win in 1977.
SECTION B
9. Explain the cause and consequences of the Kargil Conflict of 1999.
Ans. The cause of the Kargil Conflict of 1999:
The cause of the conflict was the infiltration of Pakistani soldiers and Kashmiri militants into the Kargil district of Jammu and Kashmir and along the Line of Control. The intrusion into the area, that divided the Indian territory of Ladakh from the northern areas of ·the state, surprised the Indian army and Operation Vijay was launched immediately to flush out the enemies from the Kargil sector. Tiger Hill, one of the highest peaks in the Drass-Kargil area of the State, became the focal point during the War. Indian Air Force (IAF) joined this operation and finally, after the fierce War of more than 60 days, India recaptured Tiger Hill and pushed the Pakistani forces back to the territory.
The consequences of the Kargil conflict:
Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee signed Lahore Declaration with Nawaz Sharif the then Prime Minister of Pakistan on 21 February1999 to maintain peace and stability between their countries and for the progress and prosperity of their people.
10. “Since 1947 Pakistan has been experimenting with democratic system and the military rule”. In the light of above statement explain any two reasons why democratic system has not been stable there?
Ans. The following factors are responsible for Pakistani’s failure in building a stable democracy:
(i) The lack of genuine international support for a democratic rule in Pakistan has encouraged to military to continue its dominance. The US and other countries have also supported military rule due to fulfilling their own interests.
(ii) Pakistan’s conflict with India has made paramilitary groups more powerful which have often said that political parties and democracy in Pakistan are flawed, that Pakistan’s security would be harmed by selfish minded parties and chaotic democracy, hence army stay in power is justified.
(iii) The social dominance of military, clergy, and owning aristocracy has led to frequent overthrow of elected governments and the establishing of military governments.
(iv) Global Islamic Terrorism and their apprehension that Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal might fall into
hands of these terrorist groups, the military regime in Pakistan was seen as the protector of western interests in West Asia and South Asia.
11. In the given outline political map of India, four countries have been marked as (A), (B), (C), (D). Identify these states on the basis of the information given below and write their correct names in your answer book along with their respective serial number of the information used and the concerned alphabets as per format that follows:
(i) A state for which Shyama Prasad Mukherjee demanded autonomy.
(ii) The state to which Karpoori Thakur had been Chief minister.
(iii) The state to which former President had worked as Governor V.V Giri.
(iv) The first state when students protest started in 1974 against the wrong practices of government.
Ans. The two pro-democracy factor present in Pakistan that can pave the way for establishing a lasting democratic set up over there are:
(i) Pakistan bears a courageous and entirely free press.
(ii) Pakistan enjoys strong human rights movement.
SECTION C
12. Describe any six consequences of globalisation.
The consequences of globalisation are:
(i) Globalisation has eroded the capacity of the state by reducing the ability of government to do what they want to do.
(ii) The concept of welfare state has been reduced to a more minimalist state all over the world. In place of the welfare state, it is the market that becomes the prime determinant of economic and social priorities.
(iii) The entry and the increased role of multinational companies all over the world has led to a reduction in the capacity of governments to take decisions on their own.
(iv) Some governments are forced to do away with certain rules and regulations which safeguard the rights of the working people and the environment.
(v) The supporters of globalisation, on the other hand, believe that in some respect the state capacity has received a boost as a consequence of globalisation, with enhanced technologies available at the disposal of the state to collect information about its citizens. With this information, the state is better able to rule.
(vi) Globalisation has benefited some sections of society while other sections of society have been left deprived. Developed countries gain more as compared to developing countries.
(vii) It has led to the rise of a uniform culture called homogenisation.
(viii) It has led to the imposition of Western culture on the rest of the world.
(ix) It has shrunk the rich cultural heritage of the entire globe.
OR
Explain any six positive effects of globalisation on people all over the world.
Ans. The six effects of globalization on people all over the world are:
(i) As far as poverty reduction is concerned, globalization played a role in poverty reduction in developing countries. In deed most developed countries experienced reduction in poverty in the proportion of their living below the poverty line, including fast developing countries like China, India, etc.
(ii) Through globalization, people from different countries are provided with jobs opportunities within the global. It has created the concept of outsourcing. Developed countries prefer to provide work to developing countries where costs are cheap. Therefore, the country that is given the work enjoys by getting jobs.
(iii) Globalisation has increased the access of higher education and reduced the knowledge gap in developing countries. It has brought more positive effects to developing countries through increasing access to higher learning institutions.
(iv) One of the most significant effect it has brought to developing countries is trade. Before people used to exchange goods for goods or services for services but now people can trade goods for money. This is mostly through international trade whereby people exports and imports goods within countries. Globalization has led to reduction of costs in trade within the globe. It has led to reduction of tax of importation of goods.
(v) Foreign investment is a direct result of globalization. Foreign investment is always welcomed as it provides resources, capital and technology to a country that will support economic development of the host country.
(vi) Globalisation has led to the emergence of global markets for standardized consumer products on a previously unimagined scale of magnitude.
(vii) Globalisation has led to the exchange of cultural values of different countries and the convergence of traditions.
13. Write a brief note on the background leading to the declaration of emergency on 25th June, 1975 in India.
Ans. Causes of Emergency:
The circumstances which led to the proclamation of emergency were:
(i) Bihar and Gujarat’s movement created an unrest in the country. Students were protesting against the price rise and against the established government in these states. Congress as ruling party failed to handle these protests. Leadership by influential leaders further gave them a momentum against government.
(ii) Increase in Naxalite activities against government and violent nature troubled the government. Naxalite had an anti-government view. Even harsh measures by government could not stop them.
(iii) George Fernandes gave a call for nationwide strike to all the railwaymen. Their demands were suppressed by the government. Shut down of such a big institution created havoc in the country.
(iv) Declaration of Indira Gandhi’s 1971 election invalid was a last straw. Jai Prakash Narayan organised a massive demonstration demanding her resignation. The situation was tense and emergency was declared on 25th June, 1975.
(v) Call of complete revolution by Jai Prakash Narayan and unexpected people movement in Delhi.
(vi) Jai Prakash Narayan announced a nationwide satyagraha for resignation and asked the army, the police and government employees not to obey illegal and immoral orders.
OR
Explain the findings of the Shah Commission constituted after the end of emergency of 1975.
Ans. In May 1977, the Janata Party Government appointed Shah Commission of inquiry headed by justice JC Shah, retired Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India. The findings of Shah Commission were:
(i) It found out that preventive detention was widely used by the government. Around one lakh eleven thousand arbitrary arrests were made by the government.
(ii) Newspapers were asked to get permission before publishing of any matter.
(iii) In Delhi, Lieutenant Governor ordered General Manager of Delhi power supply to cut off the power supply of news press till they establish censorship apparatus.
(iv) Jhuggi jhopri were forcefully relocated in the barren area of Delhi, people were forcefully sterilized.
(v) The Commission report mentioned that General Manager of the Delhi Power Supply Corporation received verbal orders from the office of the Lt. Governor of Delhi to cut electricity to all newspaper presses.
(vi) The younger son of Prime Minister did not hold any official position at the time. Yet, he gained control over the administration and allegedly interfered in the functioning of the government.