Class XII – Physical Education – Paper – 4

Ans. (c) Dhanurasana

Ans. (a) Knock-out strength

Ans. (d) Buffer Capacity

Ans. (a) Tadasana

Ans. (c) A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3

Ans. (a) Upper body strength

Ans. (b) Openness

Ans. (d) All of the Above

Ans. (d) All of the above

Ans. (d) Back Scratch Test

Ans. (b) Fartlek training

Ans. (b) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2

Ans. (a) 70 ml

Ans. (b) Instrumental Aggression

Ans. (a) Chicago

Ans. (a) Raising funds for charitable organisations

Ans. (a) William Herbert Sheldon

Ans. (d) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

Ans. The macro cycle is the longest of all sports training cycle and typically includes three phases i.e., preparation phase, competitive phase and transition phase.

Ans. An incision wound is a cut in the skin caused by a sharp object such as a knife, broken glass, scissors, etc. This type of wound can be very deep, cutting into muscle tissue, tendons or major blood vessels. Damage to blood vessels can cause life threatening bleeding.

Examples of an incision wound include

(i) Surgical incisions

(ii) Cuts to the skin due to accident.

(iii) Cutting of skin due to broken glass.

Ans. Goal setting is a mental training technique to increase motivation and enhance confidence. It is used widely across all levels of sport and goals provide essential direction at both on immediate and long-term level.

Ans. The purpose of a 600 m run/walk is to measure cardiovascular fitness or endurance by running or walking to the longest distance. The time is recorded in minutes and seconds.

Ans. Fat soluble vitamins are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, and are soluble fats. These are stored in liver and fatty tissues. The four fat soluble vitamins are Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E and Vitamin K

Ans. The following exercises should be performed for curing knock knees

(i) Keep a pillow between your knees and stand straight for some time. Both the feet should touch each other.

(ii) Perform Padmasana and Gomukhasana

Ans. Players show hostile aggression for various reasons. Players who want to achieve success quickly or are not able to manage their emotions, show hostility and aggression towards other players. Sometimes players lose their-control or are not able to manage humiliation and feel hurt. They can show hostility in the form of revenge. Usually, new players show greater hostility than experienced player. Such aggression is against the spirit of the game.

In sports, aggression has been categorised into three kinds or types which are as follows.

(i) Instrumental Aggression.

(ii) Hostile Aggression.

(iii) Assertive Behaviour Aggression.

Ans. Fats are an essential ingredient of food. The functions of fat are as follows:

(i) They provide heat and energy to the body.

(ii) They also help in regulation of body temperature.

(iii) They help the body to absorb nutrient, mineral and vitamins.

(iv) They also protect from diseases and illness. There are two primary sources of fats – animal and vegetable sources.

Ans. Three common soft tissue injuries are:

(i) Abrasion: In this, the skin is scraped or rubbed by friction or a fall during participation in sport.

It causes severe pain and sometimes bleeding also.

(ii) Contusion: It is caused by a blow or impact without breaking or rupturing the skin. It causes pain and sometimes swelling of the affected part.

(iii) Sprain: This is defined as an injury to a ligament resulting from being over-stretched or torn. Swelling, pain and tenderness can be felt at the sprained part.

Ans. The interval training enhances speed and endurance ability. In this method, the exercises are followed by a period of rest, also known as recovery. The recovery period is given to an athlete after each speedy workout and it can be adjusted according to the efficiency of athlete. This method mainly trains the heart.

The advantages of interval training method are

(i) More workout can be performed in a short duration.

(ii) The progress can be measured easily.

(iii) It is beneficial for respiratory and circulatory methods.

The disadvantages of interval training method are:

(i) there are chances of injury

(ii) It can lead to heart diseases

Ans. The redistribution of blood flow in our body during exercise and rest is explained below:

(i) During exercise the requirement of oxygen by the active muscles goes up by 10 to 12 times. From

1200 ml/minute at rest, it can go up to 12,500 ml/ minute at maximal exercise.

(ii) Similarly, the requirement of the skin goes up from 500 ml/minute to 1900 ml/minute during maximal exercise. This increase can be accomplished through increased cardiac output and redistribution of blood from areas of the body like the kidneys, abdomen and other areas.

(iii) At rest, the blood flow through the kidneys is 1100 ml/minute, which can be reduced to 600 ml/ minute during exercise. Similarly, the blood flow at rest through the abdomen is 1400 ml/minute, which can be reduced to 600 ml/minute during exercise.

Ans. The Back Scratch Test for Senior Citizens determines whether the hands can be brought together behind the back particularly the shoulders, to check the stretchability of the shoulders. The purpose of the testis to measure upper arm and shoulder girdle flexibility. It is a part of the fitness program as an alternative to the Back Saver Sit and Reach Test. Equipments required for this test is only a ruler.

In this test, two trials are given to the participant and the best score is recorded to the nearest 1/2 inch for this test. In this way, it is quantitatively measured. Two more types of tests for senior citizens include:

(i) Arm Cure Test for upper body strength.

(ii) Chair Sit and Reach Test for lower body flexibility.

Ans. fracture

Ans. The causes of oblique fracture are trauma, sudden twist of the muscles or bone diseases.

Ans. Fracture (A) is an oblique fracture while (B) is a comminuted fracture

Ans. Oblique fracture is more prone to angulation in the plane of the fracture.

Ans. Comminuted fracture is usually challenging to treat because the break is so complex.

Ans. The postural deformity in the given figure represents scoliosis.

Ans. It is caused due to birth defects or heredity and one side flat foot

Ans. Trikonasana

Ans. sideways

Ans. Two precautions of this deformity are:

(i) Take a balanced diet

(ii) Keep the body straight while carrying weights.

Ans. Proteins

Ans. macro

Ans. carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Ans. Simple carbohydrates sources are fruits and refined honey.

Ans. Deepak should undertake the Rikli and Jones Fitness Test to assess the physical fitness of all the elderly people of his family.

The Rikli and Jones Senior Citizen Fitness Test for assessing the functional fitness of older adults describes easy to understand and effective tests to measure aerobic fitness, strength and flexibility using minimal and inexpensive equipment.

The test items involve common activities such as getting up from a chair, walking, lifting, bending and stretching. The tests were developed to be safe and enjoyable for older adults while still meeting scientific standards for reliability and validity.

The tests are

(i) Chair Stand Test: Testing lower body strength.

(ii) Arm Curl Test: Testing upper body strength.

(iii) Chair Sit and Reach Test: Testing lower body flexibility test.

(iv) Back Stretch Test: Testing upper body flexibility test.

(v) Eight Foot Up and Go Test: Testing agility test.

(vi) Six Minute Walk Test Acrobic fitness and endurance.

Ans. The different types of coordinative abilities are:

(i) Differentiated Ability: It is the ability to achieve a high level of fine tuning or harmony of individual movement phases and body part movements.

(ii) Orientation Ability: It is the ability to determine a change the position and movements of body in different types of situations.

For example, in gymnastics, the position and movement of head and eyes us important for orientation.

(iii) Coupling ability: It is the ability to coordinate body part movements with another. Coupling ability is especially important in sports in which movements with a high degree of difficulty have to be done.

(iv) Balance Ability: It is the ability of a sportsperson to maintain equilibrium of the body both in static and dynamic conditions.

(v) Rhythm Ability: It is the ability to do body movements according to a given rhythm. Examples of this type is found in skating, diving, synchronised swimming.

Ans. Personality not only means the looks but it means the person as a whole i.e. character, attitude, habits, traits, emotions, behaviours and so on.

According to JP Guilford, “Personality is an individual’s unique pattern of traits which distinguishes one individual from another.” The unique pattern of traits makes each individual different from the other. Personality refers to the pattern of thoughts, feelings, social adjustments and behavioural patterns that influence the self-perceptions, attitudes and values of an individual. Personality defines the characteristics of a person.

Sports play a vital role in all round development of personality. They cater to physical, mental, social and emotional development of a person. Sports help to combat anxiety, depression and stress. They train a person how to accept defeat gracefully and at the same time be determined to compete again. They improve the following qualities:

1. Self-concept.

2. Mental toughness.

3. Emotional stability.

4. Quick decision-making.

5. Planning.

6. Anticipating future moves.

Ans. The organisation of a sports event like Annual Sports Day requires a lot of planning by different committees that work together for the smooth conduct of the events.

The various committees suggested are:

(i) Committee for Officials: It is responsible for the technical conduct of the events. It selects various officials such as referees, judges, recorders, starters, umpires, time keepers, etc.

(ii) Reception Committee It is responsible to welcome the chief guest and spectators at opening and closing ceremonies.

(iii) Ground and Equipment Committee: It is responsible for making the necessary arrangements of the sports ground where the events are to be held as well as arranging the equipment related to the events being held.

(iv) Medical and First Aid Committee: It is headed by a well-qualified doctor and is responsible for providing medical assistance to the participants as and when required.

(v) Publicity Committee: It announces the date, venues and sports events, advance information to the institutions, printing of brochures, notices, etc. All the press releases/publicity and press conference are conducted by this committee.

(vi) Finance Committee: It is assigned to make a budget for the annual sports day and monitor the expenditure. It also makes a financial report at the end of the event.(vii) Refreshment Committee: It is formed to provide refreshments to the participants and chief guest, etc.