Class XII – Physical Education – Paper – 3

Ans. (c) Back Scratch

Ans. (c) Laceration

Ans. (c) Both (a) and (b)

Ans. (b) Rikli and Jones

Ans. (a) Acceleration

Ans. (a) Ambiverts

Ans. (a) Vitamin A

Ans. (d) Coordination

Ans. (c) Staircase

Ans. (c) A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2

Ans. (d) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2

Ans. (c) Returning the normal function to the injured area.

Ans. (c) BMR = 655 + [9.6 x wt(kg)) + (1.8 x ht(cm)) – (4.7 x age(yrs)]

Ans. (c) socialisation

Ans. (d) Both (b) and (c)

Ans. (c) Yoga Mudrasana

Ans. (d) Iodine

Ans. (a) A is true, but R is false

Ans. The difference between instrumental and hostile aggression are

Ans. Vital air capacity is the sum of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume. It is the maximum amount of air, a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation. This capacity rises with the increase in exercises and varies from 3500 CC to 4500 CC in a normal adult.

Ans. A balanced diet is that which contains the proper amounts of each nutrient. A balanced diet consists of all essential food constituents i.e. protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals in correct proportion.

Elements of a balanced diet are as follows:

(i) Carbohydrates These are our main sources of energy.

(ii) Fats These are the sources of energy.

(iii) Minerals These are essential for proper growth and functioning of our body.

(iv) Water It is essential for normal body functions. It serves as a vehicle for carrying other nutrients.

Ans. In the absence of menstrual cycle due to any reason, the secondary characteristics of puberty may not develop till the age of 16.

This can cause extreme physical and psychological stress. This condition is known as Amenorrhea.

Ans. The differences between extroverts and introverts are

Ans. Proteins are an essential parts of a balanced diet. It helps in making new tissues and regulate balance of water and acids.

If protein is not taken in appropriate amount in diet, it can cause deficiencies such as Marasmus and Kwashiorkar in children.

Ans. ‘Doing asana is a healthy way of life which can be seen through the following points

(i) Asanas give exercise to every muscle in the body. This also stimulates the nerves and glands.

(ii) Asanas improve flexibility by giving exercise to the joints, thus, preventing injuries also.

(iii) Asanas ensure smooth functioning of the organ systems running in our body such as digestive system, cardiovascular system and circulatory system.

Ans. Sports injuries are classified on the basis of the following

(a) On the basis of duration: They are classified on the basis of duration for the tissues to be injured into the following

– Acute Injuries: These occur due to sudden trauma to the tissue.

– Overuse Injuries: These occur due to repetitive loading of a particular tissue or tissues over a period of time.

(b) Tissue Type Affected These are of three types:

• Soft Tissue Injury This is based on muscles, ligaments, tendons and skin.

• Hard Tissue Injury This is based on bones, joints, particular cartilages, etc.

• Special Tissue Injury This is based on peripheral nerves, eyes, nose, sinuses, teeth, blood vessels, etc.

(c) Severity of Injury These are classified into mild (last for 1-7 days), moderate (last for 8-20 days) and severe injuries (last for 21 days or more).

Ans. Newton’s Third Law of Motion states that for every action, there is always an equal and opposite reaction. The application of this law in swimming can be seen through the following ways

(i) A swimmer propels herself through the water because the water offers enough counter force to oppose the action of her hands pushing, allowing her to move.

(ii) An athlete can jump higher off a solid surface because it opposes his body with as much force as he/she is able to generate, in contrast to sand or other unstable surface.

Ans. A strain is defined as an injury to a tendon (tissues that connect muscle and bones) or muscle. It often occurs in the lower back and the muscle in the back of the thigh. Strain can happen as sudden strain known as acute strain or develop over days known as chronic strain.

The types of strain are

(i) Acute Strain: It is caused by trauma or an injury and can be caused by over-stressing the muscles

(ii) Chronic Strain: It is usually the result of overuse prolonged, repetitive movements of muscles and tendons.

Ans. Three pre-meet responsibilities taken by sports committees are as follows

(i) Meeting to important officials to fix the venue, date and timings of the sports event.

(ii) To prepare a list of events, ceremonies and entertainment programmes that will be covered during the event.

(iii) To appoint different officials that are going to judge the sports events as well as invite a chief guest.

Ans. Nutritive components contribute or provide energy or calories. They play a vital role in the growth, maintenance and development of our body. These include carbohydrates, proteins and fats.

The benefits of nutritive components are

(i) Carbohydrates: They are main source of energy for any organism.

(ii) Proteins: These are basic constituents of our cells.

(iii) Fats: They provide with twice as much energy as carbohydrates.

Non-nutritive components are those which do not provide energy or calories or nutrition to the body. Their main purpose is to provide a flavour, taste or smell to the food. These include colour compound, roughage, water, plant compounds, flavour compounds and food additives.

The benefits of non-nutritive components are

(i) Roughage: It satisfies apetite.

(ii) Water: It is the main component of blood that carries nutrients to various cells in the body. It regulates the body temperature and is significant in the excretion of waste products.

(iii) Colour Compounds: Colours are used in food items to make it look attractive and colourful.

Ans. an eye because deaf people are very visual.

Ans. The motto of Deaflympics is ‘Equality through Sports’.

Ans. The logo belongs to the Deaflympics games and they were first held in Paris in 1924

Ans. Instead of gunshots, flags and lights are used to guide athletes in Deaflympics.

Ans. The four colors represent the four regional confederations of the International Committee of Sports for Deaf i.e., Europe, Asia, Pacific, Pan-America and Africa

Ans. It is known to help cure obesity.

Ans. The yoga asana in the figure is called Ustrasana. It is also known as Camel pose.

Ans. Dharurasana

Ans. anterior

Ans. Camel pose

Ans. The factors that determines flexibility are joint structure, age and gender, stretchability of muscles, previous injury, internal environment, muscle strength and active and sedentary lifestyle.

Ans. The other types of methods known to improve flexibility are ballistic stretching and static passive stretching.

Ans. The method represented in the figure above is known as Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique (PNF stretching).

Ans. There are two types of flexibility – passive and active. Active flexibility can be further divided into static and dynamic flexibility.

Ans. The effects of exercise on the muscular system are as follows

(i) Increased Blood Flow The volume of blood flow to muscle tissues increases up to 25 times during strenuous exercise.

(ii) Size Muscle Size generally increases with exercise, although the initial muscle size is largely dependent on genetic factors.

(iii) Blood Supply Sustained exercise for some time increases the extent of the capillaries supplying blood to the muscles.

(iv) Muscle Metabolism It differs due to exercise type and primarily the availability or non-availability of an adequate amount of oxygen. The rate at which energy is needed decides the relative contributions of these two energy systems.

(v) Muscle Biochemistry Changes occur in the muscles such as increase in size and quantity of mitochondria in the cells and other similar changes.

Ans. A tournament is arranged according to a set procedure which is known as fixture. It helps in planning a setup of various teams for competitive matches where they play in a systematic order as per the fixture schedule. For knock-out tournaments, the procedure to draw a fixture is through bye and seeding. On the other hand, the procedure to draw a fixture is through staircase and cyclic method.

Single Knoch-out Fixture of 17 Teams

Total number of teams = 17

Ans. There are five types of joint injuries which are as follows

(i) Shoulder Dislocation: This occurs when the ball of the upper arm bone pops but of the shoulder socket. Usually the dislocated ball pops out at the front of the shoulder joint, where the supporting muscles are at their weakest. Sports like Rugby are prone to this.

(ii) Elbow Dislocation: It is the second most common kind of dislocation. It takes a lot of

force to dislocate the elbow, which is often an associated break in one of the bones. They are at a high risk of trapping blood vessels and need urgent attention. Common sports to suffer these are cycling and gymnastics.

(iii) Dislocated Finger: It can affect any finger but most commonly affects the middle knuckle of the four fingers. It is caused either by over-bending the finger backwards or catching the finger somewhere during fast movement. Common in sports such as cricket where players try to stop fast balls with the hand.

(iv) Wrist Dislocation: This means dislocation of any of the eight small bones and is caused by a fall on the wrist or the outstretched arm.

(v) Ankle Dislocation: Dislocation of ankle joint is a rare injury. It is more common when there is an ankle fracture at the same time as that can make the ankle joint unstable.

Ans. The Rikli and Jones Senior Citizen Fitness Test is conducted to assess the functional fitness of older adults. It is an easy to understand and effective tests to measure aerobic fitness, strength and flexibility using minimal and inexpensive equipment.

These test items involve common activities such as getting up from a chair, walking, lifting, bending and stretching. The tests were developed to be safe and enjoyable for older adults while still meeting scientific standards for reliability and validity. The tests and their purposes are

(i) Chair Stand Test Testing lower body strength.

(ii) Arm Curl Test Testing upper body strength.

(iii) Chair Sit and Reach Test Testing lower body flexibility.

(iv) Back Stretch Test Testing upper body flexibility test.

(v) Eight Foot Up and Go Test Testing agility.

(vi) Six Minute Walk Test Testing aerobic fitness and endurance.