Class XII – Physical Education – Paper – 2

Ans. (c) Gomukhasana

Ans. (d) Round Shoulders

Ans. (c) Multiple

Ans. (b) Concentric and Eccentric

Ans. (d) All of these

Ans. (c) Introversion

Ans. (b) Talent identification

Ans. (d) A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3

Ans. (a) 44 cm

Ans. (a) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

Ans. (c) Both (a) and (b)

Ans. (c) Dr Van Aaken

Ans. (d) Normal weight

Ans. (a) Power

Ans. (b) Coordination

Ans. (c) Vitamin K

Ans. (a) A is false, but R is true

Ans. The differences between fat soluble and water soluble vitamins are

Ans. The purpose of partial curl up test is to measure abdominal strength and endurance, which is important in back support and core stability. It is recommended for ages 9-18 years to test strength which is a component of Physical Health and Fitness Profile

Ans. In kyphosis, there is increase or exaggeration of a backward curve or a decrease of a forward curve. The physical exercise or corrective measures for kyphosis include

(i) Sitting on a chair, hold hands from behind the back of the chair so that shoulders are pulled backwards and back is straight. Hold and release this position for 4-5 times.

(ii) Bend head backwards in standing position.

(iii) Hold arms at shoulder level and bend elbows.

(iv) Perform Chakrasana, Bhujangasana and Dhanurasana

Ans. The difference between micro and macro nutrients are

Ans. The causes of bow legs are as follows:

(i) Putting extra weight on leg muscles

(ii) Lack of balanced diet and deficiency of calcium and phosphorous.

(iii) Improper way of walking

The precautions for bow legs are as follows:

(i) Balanced diet should be taken

(ii) Do not force babies to wake at early ages.

Ans. Strategies to make physical activities accessible for CWSN are

(i) Interests Physical activities must be based on interest abilities and limitations of children with

special needs to ensure maximum participation.

(ii) Ability The physical and mental state of children with special needs should be considered.

Ans. Obesity is referred to as a medical condition in which excess body fat is accumulated to that extent that it has a negative effect on health. It is in itself is not a disease but the condition of obesity leads to many diseases. This is because a person becomes extremely fat and the glands, and other body system cannot function properly. When the body does not function properly then it gives rise to many cardiovascular diseases, etc.

For example, obesity increases cholestrol level in blood which increase the chances of heart attacks. On the other hand, when a person gains extra weight he/she faces difficulty to function properly, like in walking, sitting standing and so on.

Ans. Abrasion and incision are types of soft tissue injuries.

(i) Abrasion is a wound caused when the skin is scraped or rubbed in the epidermis (upper layer of the skin). This injury is commonly caused by sliding, slip over surface etc.

(ii) Whereas incision is a cut or a wound produced by cutting with a scalpel (sharp knife). Incision is a surgical procedure which the doctors may perform.

(iii) Abrasion causes severe pain and sometimes bleeding over affected part whereas, blood usually comes out freely from incision.

(iv) Abrasion can be often caused by sharp blunt object and is deep. It can even be treated at home but incision injury of serious nature needs immediate medical attention otherwise it can be fatal.

Ans. The corrective measures for three types of postural deformity are as follow

(i) Kyphosis

• Perform Dhanurasana and Bhujangasana regularly.

• Bend your head backward in standing position.

(ii) Lordosis

• In standing position bend forward from hip level. Do this repeatedly.

• Do alternate toe touching.

(iii) Scoliosis

• Perform Ardh Chakraasana and Trikonasana regularly.

• Swim by using breast stroke technique.

Ans. The three personality types as formulated by Carl Jung are as follows:

(i) Extroverts Such people have more self-confidence, are lively and outgoing in nature,

take active interest in others and make friends very easily.

(ii) Introverts: They are very self-conscious, more interested in their own thoughts and ideas, shy, reserved, avoid social occasions and do not make friends easily.

(iii) Ambiverts: These are people possessing qualities of both extroverts and introverts. They are able to adjust themselves to each situation as it occurs.

Ans. Friction is the force acting along two surfaces in contact which opposed the motion of one body over the other.

Sliding Friction: It refers to resistance created by two objects sliding against each other. It intended to stop an object from moving. Ice-skating is an example of sliding friction.

Rolling Friction: It is the force resisting the motion of a rolling body. It takes place due to deformation of surfaces. Example of rolling friction is rolling of wheel or ball.

Ans. A diet which consists of all the essential food constituents viz protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals and water in correct proportion is called a balanced diet. It also contains sufficient amounts of fibre known as roughage. Roughage does not have any nutritional value but helps in improving intestinal function.

A balanced diet should also provide the appropriate amount of energy, micro nutrients to ensure good health and adequate amount of water for a healthy life. Carbohydrates and fats in the diet provide the energy for daily activities. Proteins are body building foods. Minerals and vitamins help in fighting diseases i.e., protecting the body.

Ans. This is the Flamingo Balance Test. It is conducted to measure ability to balance successfully on one leg. This assesses the strength of the leg, pelvic, trunk muscle and static balance.

Ans. The required equipments are Non-Slippery surface and a stopwatch. It can be done on just standing on the beam.

Ans. This test is conducted to the age group 5 to 8 years or classes 1 and 3.

Ans. The other two tests that are conducted for this age group are calculating the Body Mass Index and coordination skills through Plate Tapping method.

Ans. If there are more than 15 falls in the first 30 seconds, the test is terminated.

Ans. These exercises were developed by De Loone

Ans. The exercise shown in the figure is an example of isometric exercises.

Ans. Hettinger, Muller

Ans. There are two types of isotonic exercises. These are Concentric and Eccentric. These were developed by De Loone in 1954.

Ans. Concentric, Eccentric

Ans. Vitamin D, Calcium

Ans. The syndrome is known as the Female Athlete Triad.

Ans. The disease depicted is osteoporosis and it is caused due to lack of minerals in bone content and low estrogen levels.

Ans. Imbalance of thyroxine hormone (Hyperthyroidism) can cause bone loss.

Ans. Asanas like Bhujangasana, Shalabhasana, Gomukhasana, Supta Vajrasana, Mandukasana, Ushtrarasana and Kapalbharti can help in preventing and curing diabetes.

The procedure for Bhujangasana is

(i) This is done in lying position.

(ii) Lie on the stomach and rest forehead on the floor.

(iii) Keep the feet and ties together and touch the ground.

(iv) Place the hands at shoulder level and palms on the floor.

(v) Inhale and lift the head, chest, abdomen up towards roof and keep the navel on the floor. (vi) Pull your torso back and off the floor with support of your hands.

The benefits of Bhujangasana are

(i) It improves the blood circulation in body.

(ii) It decreases menstrual irregularities in females.

(iii) It strengthens muscles of chest, shoulders, arms and abdomen.

(iv) It is effective in urine disorder.

The contraindications of Bhujangasana are

(i) People having a hernia problem and backache should not do this asana.

(ii) It should be avoided by persons who are suffering from ulcer, heart problems or any surgeries of spine.

Ans. Flexibility is the range of movement. It is the ability of joints to move in the maximum range.

Developing methods of flexibility are

(i) Ballistic Method : It is the oldest form of doing stretching exercises. This method involves jerk in movement. A joint or muscle is stretched with just rhythmic actions or movements around a joint. Before performing such exercise, the appropriate warm-up is essential.

(ii) Slow-Stretching Method: In this method, the muscle or joint involved is stretched to the maximum possible limit using slow movement. It has an advantage over the ballistic method as it minimises the chances of overstretching of the muscle or joint, preventing injury to the tissue.

(iii) Slow-Stretching and Holding Method : It is the extension of slow- stretching method. Here the muscle is stretched to its maximum limit and then the position is held for few seconds before returning to the original position.

(iv) Post-Isometric Stretching: This method is based on the principle of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. In this procedure, the muscle is first contracted maximally for 6-8 seconds using isometric method. Then the muscle is gradually stretched to its maximum limit and is held in this position for 8-10 seconds. This process is to be repeated 4 to 8 times for each muscle group.

Ans. Games and sports are essential for the all-round development of personality. It is by participating in games and sports that we can develop and maintain our health and keep our body alert, active, youthful and energetic. Participation increases blood- circulation and we get an increased supply of oxygen. This makes a person healthier.

Games and sports have additional benefits to exercise, as they are played in groups and in a healthy competitive spirit. Among other things, they help to develop co-operation, qualities of leadership, team spirit and a willingness to submit to the rule of law. Games instill in participants the spirit of self-reliance, justice, fair play and sporting spirit. They make people bold, adventurous, social, disciplined and more conscious of their responsibilities towards society and the nation. Games also help in overcoming feelings of violence, arrogance and superiority, as these are purged by providing them a sufficient outlet through games.

They teach that there is more joy in playing than in its end result.

Thus, participation in sports results in all-round development of personality.

Ans. Raghav is suffering from the deformity called knock knee.

Knock knee is a major postural deformity in which both the knees knock or touch or overlap each other in the normal standing position.

Due to this deformity, the gap between ankles goes on increasing and an individual usually faces difficulty during walking and running. People with knock knees cannot be good players or athletes. The causes of knock knees are

(i) Weakness of muscles and ligaments.

(ii) Lack of balanced diet.

(iii) Lack of vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus.

(iv) Genetic conditions affecting the development of the bones or joints.

(v) Overweight.

The precautions for knock knees are

(i) Balanced diet should be taken.

(ii) Do not force the babies to walk at early age.

The corrective measures for knock knees are

(i) If knock knees are treated at an early stage, then there are greater chances of correcting them since, the bones are soft. Therefore, Karan’s deformity can be treated by doing the following

(ii) Horse riding is to be done regularly

(iii) Keep a pillow between your knees whenever possible and stand straight.

(iv) Perform Padmasana and Gomukhasana

(v) Take nutritious meals

(vi) Use walking callipers