Subject: Geography
Class XII
Time Allowed: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 70
General Instructions:
1. This question paper is divided into three sections Section A, B and C
2. There are total 29 questions in this question paper. All questions are compulsory.
3. Section A consists of question numbers 1 to 15, each question is of 1 mark. There are only 14 questions to be attempted from this section.
4. Section B contains question numbers 16 and 17 short answer type questions. These are source and graph based questions. Each question is of 3 marks. The questions are short and multiple choice. Each question is to be answered by any three questions out of 4 sub-questions.
5. Section C contains short answer type questions up to 18-22. Each question is of 3 marks. Answer each question in maximum 80-100 words
6. Section D contains 5 long answer type questions from question numbers 23-27. Each question is of 5 marks. Answer each question in maximum 150 words.
7. Question number 29 is related to map
Section A
1. Geographer Griffith Taylor is related to which ideology?
a) Neo Determinism
b) Environmental Determinism
c) Possibilityism
d) Positivism
2. Which of the following does not affect the distribution of population?
a) Availability of water
b) Climate
c) Landform
d) Means of entertainment
3. Which of the following statements correctly defines the sex ratio in the world –
a) Number of females per 100 males
b) Number of females per 1000 males
c) Number of boys and girls born within a year
d) Number of females per 10000 males
4. Which of the following publishes the Human Development Report (HDR)?
Ans. World Economic Forum
5. Citrus fruits are cultivated under which of the following types of agriculture?
a) Mixed agriculture
b) Cooperative Agriculture
c) Mediterranean Agriculture
d) Plantation Agriculture
6. Cement industry comes under the category of which type of industry?
a) Agriculture based
b) Chemical based
c) Mineral based
d) Forest based
7. _________ is determined by natural factors – crude birth and death rates.
a) The time of doubling of population
b) Driven Population Growth
c) Natural growth rate
d) By the annual growth rate
8. Which of the following cities is not situated on the river bank?
a) Agra
b) Patna
c) Kolkata
d) Bhopal
9. Which one of the following crops is not a Kharif season crop?
a) Tur
b) Mustard
c) Jute
d) Millet
10. On which river is the Hirakud Dam built?
a) Sutlej
b) Beas
c) Mahanadi
d) Narmada
11. Which one of the following is not a conventional resource of energy?
a) coal
b) natural gas
c) biomass
d) nuclear power
12. In which five-year plan, the Special Area Plan was prepared to develop the infrastructure of hilly areas in the inter-eastern states, tribal and backward areas?
Ans. Eighth Five Year Plan
13. When was the first report of Human Development Index released.
Ans. 1990
14. In which of the following countries commercial livestock rearing is not done?
a) New Zealand
b) United States
c) Canada
d) Argentina
15. What were the major factors that contributed to the rapid growth of population in the twentieth century.
a) Development of Biotechnology and Information Revolution
b) Development of Agriculture
c) Development of Transport
d) Industrial Development
Section – B
16. Read the given passage and answer the following questions that follows:
Winter means strong winds and heavy snow in the city of Trondheim. The sky remains dark for months. Carrie goes to work at eight o’clock in the morning by car. She has special tires for winter and keeps the lights of her powerful car on. Her office remains artificially warm at a comfortable 23 deg C. The university campus in which she works is built under a huge dome of glass. This dome keeps snow out in winter and lets sunlight in summer. The temperature is carefully controlled and there is enough light. Although new vegetables and plants do not grow in such harsh weather. Carrie keeps orchids at her desk and enjoys tropical fruits like bananas and kiwis. These are regularly flown by aircraft from hot areas. With a click of the mouse, Kerry connects to a computer network with her co-workers in New Delhi. She often takes an early morning flight to London and arrives back just in time to watch her favourite television serial in the evening. Although Carrie is 58 years old, she still looks healthier and younger than many 30-year-old in other parts of the world.
1. Which of the following concepts are being understood from the above given source?
a) Naturalization of man
b) Humanization of nature
c) Neo Determinism
d) Spatial Organization
2. Which of the following factors is most important for access to tropical fruits and other amenities in winter in Trondheim, although it is very cold and the sky remains dark for months?
a) Advanced technological development
b) Advanced Agricutlure
c) Carrie’s will power to get these fruits
d) The efforts of the government there.
3. The university campus where Carrey works is built under a huge glass dome because –
a) it protects them from the cold winds
b) it controls the temperature of the university
c) it keeps snow out in winter and lets sunlight in summer
d) All of the above
4. Which of the following situation is best described by the above given source?
a) Freezing cold of Trondheim
b) Significance for Trondheim of giant glass domes to control temperature
c) Limitations of man in front of nature
d) Adaptation of man with his own efforts with difficult environment
17. Study the diagram given below carefully and answer the following questions
1. Which area consumes maximum groundwater drainage and why?
Ans. Agriculture sector because the irrigation requirement for the agricultural sector is met by ground water.
2. Why is the use of ground water less in the domestic sector? Give two reasons.
a) Ground water is not potable at many places.
b) In many areas the ground water is at greater depth.
3. From which chapter is the picture taken?
Ans. Water Resources
Section – C
18. Define human geography and explain its main study area.
Ans. Human geography is the study of the interrelationships and differences between the geographical environment and human activities. According to Ratzi, “Human geography is the synthetic study of the relationship between human societies and the surface.
Study area of human geography: –
- Study of population and capabilities of an area
- Study of resource utilization and planning of the state
- State of the cultural environment
- Study of environment adjustment
OR
Describe the deteriorating factors of population migration in the world.
Ans. The drag factor of migration is that the place of destination is more than the place of origin, make it attractive. These factors are as follows:
i) Better job opportunities
ii) Good living conditions
iii) Peace and stability
iv) Favorable climate
v) Protection of life and property
19. Explain the difference between growth and development
Ans.
- Growth refers to quantitative and value neutral changes in terms of time. It can be both positive and negative.
- Development refers to qualitative change which is relative to value
- Development cannot happen unless there is positive growth in the present conditions. It is an indicator of qualitative and complete positive change.
20. How is human development by Dr. Mehboob-ul-Haq?
Ans.
- Development increases the choices for human beings.
- Human development brings meaningful improvement in life.
- Development is variable. Its aim is to create conditions in which people can lead meaningful lives.
21. State the features of dairy farming.
Ans.
1) Artha – This a special type of agriculture, under which animals are reared for milk, and special attention is paid to their health, reproduction and medicine.
2) Capital – For the use of more equipment in the production of milk, thatch for the animals, the stock of hay and the more capital is also needed.
3) Labor – Labor is required throughout the year for grazing animals, extracting milk, etc.
OR
Explain any three characteristics of free standing industries?
Ans. Characteristics Freelance Industry:
- Freelance industries are located in a wide variety of places.
- They do not depend on any specific type of raw material.
- These industry components are dependent on components.
- They are produced in small quantities
- Labour is also less needed in these industries
- Generally, these industries do not spread pollution
22. What is meant by ‘Green Revolution’? What were the main reasons for its success?
Ans. In the 1960s-70s, there was an unprecedented increase in the production of food grains, especially wheat. This is called the Green Revolution. The following measures were adopted to increase the production of food grains.
1. High yielding seeds
2. Use of chemical fertilizers
3. Irrigation facility
There was a record increase in the production of wheat due to the Green Revolution in Uttar Pradesh.
23. How is the knowledge of nature important for the development of technology? Justify the statement with suitable examples.
Ans. i) Technology is an indicator of the level of cultural development of any society.
ii) Human beings can develop technology only by understanding the laws of nature. For example, the idea of friction and heat helped in the discovery of fire.
iii) DNA and the mysteries of genetics helped in overcoming many diseases
iv) Using the laws of air speed, more fast-moving aircraft were developed
v) The cultural environment is created only on the basis of the knowledge of nature.
24. If the population of a country increases at a rapid pace, what is the effect on economic development there?
Ans. Due to the rapid growth of population, many types of economic and social problems arise:
i) Problem of food: Due to the rapid growth of population, it becomes difficult to meet the requirement of food items.
ii) Housing problem: Due to the increasing population, there is a shortage of habitat. Lakhs of people live in slums and huts.
iii) Unemployment: Due to population growth, unemployment has emerged as a serious problem.
iv) Low standard of living: Due to more population the per capital income decreases hence the standard falls
v) More pressure of population on agriculture: The pressure on arable land increases to supply good grains to the growing population.
25. Explain the difference between conventional and non-conventional sources of energy on the basis of characteristics.
Ans. Conventional sources of energy:
1) Conventional energy sources are those which have been in use for a long time. It is fixed and limited in nature, are available in quantity.
2) They are non-renewable
3) The distribution of these resources is very uneven
4) These means are not environment friendly i.e., they have a big role in environment pollution.
5) Examples of these are coal, petrol, diesel, crude oil, etc.
Non-conventional means:
1) Non-conventional sources are those which have come into use recently. The methods and techniques to use these sources were not there before.
2) They are renewable.
3) These resources are relatively more evenly distributed
4) It is a clean source of energy and environment friendly.
5) Examples of these are – solar energy, wind energy, hydro energy, geothermal energy, etc.
OR
What is the importance of agriculture in the Indian economy?
Ans. India is an agricultural country. Hence the importance of agriculture in the Indian economy is of utmost importance.
i) Agriculture accounts for 80 percent of the total labour force of the country
ii) Agriculture contributes 26 percent to the total national product of the country.
iii) Agriculture provides raw material to many agro-oriented industries such as textile industry, jute industry, sugar industry.
iv) Animals get fodder from agriculture
v) Agriculture is not only the cornerstone of Indian economy but also a way of living.
26. Explain any three characteristics of handloom industries in the world?
Ans. Characteristics of Handloom Industry:
i) The handloom industry requires more workers
ii) It provides employment to semi-skilled workers
iii) It requires less capital
iv) Under this, the work of spinning, weaving, etc. is done
27. What characteristics of the population does the age structure represent.
Ans.
1) the age structure represents the number of people in different age groups. On the basis of this, it can be found that what is the percentage of people in different age groups.
2) If there is more population in the age group 0-14 in the population then the proportion of dependent population will be more. Due which economic growth will be slow.
3) If there is more population at the age of 15-59 years, there is a possibility of more working or earning population which helps in exploiting the resources of the country.
4) The increasing population in the age structure group above 60 years indicates more expenditure on the care of the elderly. It is clear from the above facts that the study of age structure is very important as a demographic determinant of population.
28. What are the major challenges of adolescents before the society?
Ans. The major challenges before the society are:
1) Illiteracy: Most of the adolescents, especially the women, are illiterate. Due to which she is not able to contribute in the development of herself and her family.
2) Drug abuse: Most of the adolescents drop out of school without completing their education and get lost due to drug or alcohol consumption. Such people become a curse for the society and spoil the social environment.
3) Low age of marriage: Low age of marriage causes high maternal mortality rate which further affects the sex ratio.
4) Lack of proper guidance: There is lack of any concrete steps to give proper guidance to adolescents. Because of which they go astray from the path.
29. In the given below political map of world, there are 5 places A, B, C, D and E shown. Identify these and name them.
A – a nomadic pastoralist in Africa
Ans. Tropical Africa
B – a largest country
Ans. Brazil
C – Commercial grain agriculture in the territory of Europe
Ans. Steppy
D – A dairy farming area
Ans. New Zealand
E – a substances storage area located in North America
Ans. Canada