Practice Paper
STD: XI
Term – II
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Time: 2 hours Maximum Mark: 35
General Instructions:
1. There are three sections in the Question paper namely Section A, Section B and Section C.
2. Section A consists of 9 questions amongst which 7 questions have to be attempted each question carries 2 marks and should have 30-50 words.
3. Section B consists of 5 questions amongst which 3 questions have to be attempted each question carries 3 marks and should have 80-100 words.
4. Section C consists of 4 questions amongst which 3 questions have to be attempted each question carries 4 marks and should have 100-150 words.
SECTION – A
Q. 1. What do you mean by Adaptive Physical Education and write its main aim ?
Adaptive physical education is a subdiscipline of physical education which is adapted or modified for the people who are differently abled, handicapped, mentally challenged, blind etc.
The aim of Adaptive Physical Education is to provide all students with special needs, regardless of their disability, the opportunity to participate in physical education, safely and successfully, in the least restrictive environment. It helps the students to achieve physical, mental, emotional and social growth.
Q. 2. Name two types of doping.
The types of doping are :
(i) Doping using Performance Enhancing Substances : (a) Stimulants, (b) Anabolic Steroids (c) Peptide Hormones, (d) Beta-2-Agonists (e) Narcotics (f) Diuretics (g) Cannabinoids. (ii) Physical Methods of Doping : (a) Blood Doping (b) Gene Doping.
Q. 3. Define Psychology and Sports Psychology
The word psychology is derived from Greek words ‘psyche’ which means mind or soul and ‘logos’ which means science. Thus it can be said that psychology is the science of mind or soul.
According to American Psychological Association (APA), “Sport Psychology is the scientific study of the psychological factors that are associated with participation and performance in sport, exercise and other types of physical activity.”
Q. 4. What do you understand by the terms Pranayama and Asana?
Pranayama is the practice of breath regulation. It’s a main component of yoga, an exercise for physical and mental wellness. In Sanskrit, “prana” means life energy and “yama” means control. The practice of pranayama involves breathing exercises and patterns.
Asana is a body position, typically associated with the practice of Yoga. Asanas are special postures of the body that stabilize the mind through static stretching. In the Yoga sutras, Patanjali suggests “Sthira Sukham asanam” that means asana is “to be in a position that is firm, but relaxed for extended, or timeless periods.”
Q. 5. Write two objectives of adventure sports.
The two objectives of adventure sports :
1. Developing Cooperation and team work : While participating in adventure sports which involve group activities, one learns to co-operate and work as a team.
2. Overcome Problems : Adventure sports develop the capacity to face and effectively overcome the problems. One of the objectives of adventure sports is to develop courage and determination. Adventure sports help the participants to accept challenges with courage and move ahead with determination.
Q. 6. Mention two doping substances.
1. Stimulants
2. Anabolic Steroids
Q. 7. What is Padmasana and Vrikshasana ?
Padmasana is made of two words: padma and asana. Padma means ‘lotus’. The legs in the sitting position of this asana gives the appearance of a lotus. This is a meditative asana.
Vrikshasana is a balancing asana. The Sanskrit word vriksha means ‘tree’, thus, this is the ‘ Tree Posture’. In the imagination of the tree, foot seems as a roots, leg is the trunk, arms as the branches and leaves, head as top of the tree, all make the posture in the shape of a tree.
Q. 8. Define leadership and born leaders.
Definitions of leadership are :
According to Koontz and O’Donnell, “Leadership is the process of influencing people so that they will strive willingly towards the achievement of group goals.”
According to John C. Maxwell, “leadership is influence – nothing more, nothing less.” According to “Great man theory”, born leaders are those who have certain inborn qualities of leadership.
Q. 9. Give any two differences between Growth and Development.
Difference between Growth and Development :
Growth
1. Growth is quantitative.
2. Growth comprises of height, weight, size and shape of body organs.
Development
1. Development is quantitative as well as qualitative.
2. Development refers to increase in skills and functions.
SECTION – B
Q.10. Discuss any three problems of adolescence
(i) Physical problems : External as well internal changes in boys and girls give rise to special types of personal problems and difficulties. So many times the natural process may cause unnecessary worries especially to the girls (starting of menstruation etc). Many adolescents are worried because of difference in physical make up. All the organs of the body do not develop at the same rate. As a result certain movements do not seem to be balanced.
(ii) Intensification of self-consciousness: This is the age of show off and there is sufficient development of self-consciousness. In this stage the child always desires that he or she should exhibit himself or herself in such a way that the other persons do not think of him as a child. The person in this stage is neither a child nor an adult. At this stage one may either turn rebellious or shut their eyes towards all sides and become inert or passive.
(iii) Eating disorders : Anxiety, depression etc. can result in various eating disorders in adolescents. Two such diseases are Bulimia and Anorexia. Individuals with bulimia have an irregular eating pattern with binge eating and vomiting. Starvation for weight loss describes Anorexia. These diseases can be found in people, who have stopped following a fitness routine, females who want to lose weight etc
Q.11. Describe the Yogic Kriyas.
Yogic Kriyas (SHAT KRIYAS)
In Ayurveda, according to tridosha theory, the human body is made up of three basic constituents called tridoshas, which are Vata, Pitta and Kapha. Any imbalance in the constituents in the body leads to diseases. Yoga recommends six purification processes to get and keep the equilibrium of these tridoshas. They are called as Shat kriyas (six purification processes). Yogic Kriyas help the individual to clean the internal as well as the external organs of the body with the help of various yogic Kriyas. The kriyas are also called as purification techniques.
Q.12. Describe any three qualities of a good leader.
The essential qualities of a good leader & their development through games is as following :
1. Personality of a Leader : The inner and outer personality of a good leader should be impressive. Inner personality includes the qualities of self-confidence, knowledge, experience, impartial behaviour, decency etc. Outer personality means that he should wear neat and clean clothes and should behave lovingly with everybody. The captain of the team and other players in games, play with each other and develop themselves. They move towards their aim jointly. They gain new experience and also learn culture while playing.
2. Intelligent and Knowledgeable : A good leader should be intelligent and knowledgeable also. He should have confidence in his knowledge and intelligence. A good player is always intelligent and knowledgeable. He has to take many decisions while playing which depend on his knowledge about the game.
3. Punctual : A good leader should be punctual, he should respect the value of time. He should prepare beforehand his daily schedule so that he reaches everywhere in time. The sports competitions always begin on time. So the players should be punctual otherwise they are not allowed to participate. This develops in them the virtue of punctuality
Q.13. How a physiotherapist helps children with special needs ?
A Physiotherapist is trained to provide assessment and treatment in overcoming movement and physical challenges such as problems of balance, coordination, sitting, standing and walking. They look at ways of encouraging your child’s independence and mobility. A Physiotherapist may also assist in making recommendations for specialised equipment. The role of a physiotherapist for children with special needs is described below :
• To promote functional activities and designing a specific exercise plan for each child as per his/ her needs.
• To improve range of motion, strength, balance and coordination of children with special needs.
• To incorporate toys as equipment for exercise in order to make it interesting for the children.
• To examine and document the progress of each child. It is important to analyze the needs of children with special needs and adjust the exercises accordingly
• To work in best interest of the children as a team with other health professionals and refer to the concerned specialist when required
Q.14. Name the prohibited substances. Describe any one of them.
The prohibited substances are as follows :
(i) Non approved substances, (ii) Anabolic agents, (iii) Alcohol, (iv) Beta blockers
The explanation of one prohibited substance is given below :
Non-approved substances : Any pharmacological substance with no current approval by any governmental regulatory health authority for human therapeutic use (e.g. drugs under pre-clinical or clinical development or discontinued, designer drugs, substances approved only for veterinary use) is prohibited at all times.
SECTION – C
Q.15. Define psychology. Explain in detail the importance of psychology in physical education and sports.
The word psychology is derived from Greek words ‘psyche’ which means mind or soul and ‘logos’ which means science. Thus it can be said that psychology is the science of mind or soul. According to Plato, “Psychology is the science of soul.”
Importance of Sports Psychology
The sports performance of an athlete or a player does not depend only on physiological factors, but psychological factors also help to improve the sports performance. The psychological process of motivation, guidance etc. makes the athlete to do his best by providing moral boost. That is why psychological training has become most necessary for every player or athlete in modern days training programme. Nowadays the psychological training and conditioning are most important parts of total sports training programme.
Following points can help us to know the importance of sports psychology :
(i) Improvement in Self-confidence : Sports psychology helps to improve the self-confidence of the athletes or the players to perform their maximum in sports.
(ii) Dealing with crowd during competition : Sports psychology can also help to develop the ability to deal with negative remarks of crowd and noise during the competition.
(iii) Counselling of Sportspersons : Through sports psychology the athlete can be given guidance and counselling, remove confusions and doubts and inferiority complex etc.
(iv) Improvement in Concentration : Sports Psychology helps the players to concentrate more which leads to better performance.
(v) Controlling the Emotions : Sports psychology helps in controlling emotions like anger, disgust, fear, negative self thinking etc. Controlling these emotions helps in best performance.
(vi) Improvement in Coaching Skills : Sports psychology helps coaches to understand the behaviour of sportspersons thus he can train them in a better way.
(vii) Reducing Stress : Sports Psychology helps in reducing stress and tension of sportspersons during the competitions which helps in enhancing their performance.
(viii) Better Understanding and Coordination : Knowledge of Sports Psychology helps creating a better environment and relation between coaches, team members etc.
(ix) Enhancing Psychological Capacities : Sports Psychology leads to enhancement of Psychological capacities of sports persons. e.g. Motivation plays an important role in increasing the physical capacity of athletes.
(x) Better Training Methods : Every sportsperson has his own kind of attitude, interest etc. Thus using Sports Psychology an individual programme for each athlete according to his need can be designed so that better results can be achieved.
In conclusion we can say that sports psychology plays a vital role in achieving the best performance of athletes and sportspersons.
Q.16. What is meditation ? What is the importance of meditation ?
Meditation
According to Patanjali, Meditation is the concentration of mind (Chitta) on an impulse(Vritti) without any divergence.
Meditation or “dhyana” is an extreme form of concentration. Meditation is one of the 8 limbs of Yoga. Practicing meditation means to slowly and gently train the mind to be still. It allows mind to focus on one thing and detaches person from all worldly things. Meditation results in a harmony between body and soul. It reduces stress and relaxes your body.
During meditation, one focuses his/her attention and eliminate rampant thoughts that may be crowding the mind and causing stress. This process may result in enhanced emotional, intellectual, physical and spiritual well-being.
Physiologically, meditation positively impacts the body by alleviating the impact of energy and work on the body. During meditation, metabolic and heart rate are lowered, which reduces the work load of the heart.
Types of Meditation :
1. Mindfulness meditation : In mindfulness meditation, you pay attention to your thoughts as they pass through your mind. You don’t judge the thoughts or become involved with them. You simply observe and take note of any patterns. This practice combines concentration with awareness. This type of meditation is good for people who don’t have a teacher to guide them, as it can be easily practiced alone.
2. Spiritual meditation : It’s similar to prayer in that you reflect on the silence around you and seek a deeper connection with God or Universe. Spiritual meditation can be practiced at home or in a place of worship. This practice is beneficial for those who thrive in silence and seek spiritual growth.
3. Focused meditation : Focused meditation involves concentration using any of the five senses. For example, you can focus on something internal, like your breath, or you can bring in external influences to help focus your attention. This practice may be simple in theory, but it can be difficult for beginners to hold their focus for longer than a few minutes at first. If your mind does wander, it’s important to come back to the practice and refocus.
4. Movement meditation : This practice may include walking through the woods, gardening, qigong and other gentle forms of motion. It’s an active form of meditation where the movement guides you. Movement meditation is good for people who find peace in action and prefer to let their minds wander.
5. Mantra meditation : This type of meditation uses a repetitive sound to clear the mind. It can be a word, phrase, or sound. It doesn’t matter if the mantra is spoken loudly or quietly. After chanting the mantra for some time, you’ll be more alert and in tune with your environment. This allows you to experience deeper levels of awareness.
Some people enjoy mantra meditation because they find it easier to focus on a word than on their breath.
Many other types like Transcendental Meditation, Body Scan Meditation, Visualisation meditation are also done by meditators.
Importance of Meditation
1. Today’s life is full of stress, which further influences our day to day activities. Meditation helps in reducing stress by affecting your nervous system.
2. Regular meditation helps in relieving stress and thus improves the quality of sleep.
3. Mediation also helps in controlling anger.
4. Improved concentration is the result of meditation.
5. It is believed that meditation improves the immune system and thereby helps in controlling blood pressure and lowering blood cholesterol.
6. Studies into the effects of meditation have shown that the regular practice of meditation can slow the ageing process.
7. People who meditate are less stressed, healthier and they have a more positive outlook on life.
Q.17. Describe the doping test procedure
Addiction to alcohol and other drugs, or the overuse of alcohol and other drugs, is called a substance use problem. Alcohol or other drug use becomes a problem when it causes harm to you or others. Substance abuse can be life threatening if not controlled in time. Therefore, it is important to monitor a person’s behaviour for the signs and symptoms. In order to deal with alcohol and substance abuse, following steps should be followed:
1. Detoxification : Detoxification is the first step in overcoming substance abuse or addiction. Detox allows the body to rid itself of the influence of alcohol or other drug used in a comfortable, controlled environment. It gradually restores balance and eases the brain and body back to functioning on their own without the need for drug or alcohol.
2. Rehabilitation : Rehabilitation involves change in the behaviour of an individual who is recovering from addiction especially when he/she feels stressed, runs into triggers and experiences cravings. Thus, it aims to rectify drug-seeking behaviors, instill better coping mechanisms and teach important relapse prevention skills. Types of therapy that can be given include Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Motivational Enhancement Therapy, Family Counselling etc.
3. Supportive environment : Dealing with alcohol and substance abuse, a supportive environment can prove to be a big step in curing the problem. Such support can be provided by the family members, friends, relatives, teachers etc. All they need to do is to provide a happy, healthy and supportive environment to motivate the person to keep up with the process.
4. Medication : Sometimes a person gets back to the addictions if he feels stressed or experiences cravings. Naltrexone and acamprosate are the main drugs prescribed to decrease the desire to take drugs and treat alcohol abuse.
5. Aftercare : Once the above given steps are successfully completed, the person should find emotional support to stay away from alcohol and drugs. In addition to support from the family and friends, he should attend support groups. Going to an individual therapist and doing yoga and meditation can help the person to stay on the track.
Q.18. Write in detail about Deaflympics. What are the aims and objectives of Deaflympics ?
The Deaflympics are an International Olympic Committee-sanctioned event at which deaf athletes compete at an elite level.
The International Committee of Sports for the Deaf (ICSD) is the main governing body responsible for the organization of Deaflympics and other World Deaf Championships. Founded in 1924 and known as the CISS (Comite International des Sports des Sourds), the ICSD is now approaching the century mark of being the organization behind the building, evolving and fortifying the tradition of inviting deaf/hard of hearing elite athletes from all of the world to come together not only to compete in their respective sports, but to also develop comradeships between their countries. In 1955, the CISS was admitted into the International Olympic Committee, the IOC, as an International Federation with Olympic standing. The flag of the IOC has flown next to the flag representing CISS/ICSD at the Summer/ Winter Deaflympics since 1985. Athletic participation in the Deaflympics has continually grown over the years.
The All India Sports Council of the Deaf, New Delhi which is the National Apex Body for Deaf Sports is one of the 55 Sports Associations, recognized by the Department of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India, meaning to promote Sports in the Country. This All India Sports Council of the Deaf alone out of the 55 National Sports Federation Associations conducts under a single canopy Championships in all the Disciplines at National and International Levels. The Deaflympics Games are the Biggest International Event, with players and spectators from all over the World. The games were originally known as “International Silent Games” before they became the “World Games for the Deaf.” The most recent name, the “Deaflympics,” was formally adopted in 2001.
The Deaflympics were given the same status as the Paralympics Games and Olympic Games. This means that Deaflympic Games have the same status for DEAF sports as the Olympics for “the Hearing” and the Paralympics for the Disabled.
To cherish the value the spirit of Deaflympics where Deaf athletes strive to reach the pinnacle of competition by embracing the motto of PER LUDOS AEQUALITAS (Equality through sports) and adhering to the ideals of Olympics.
Aims and Objectives of Deaflympics are
1. To supervise the organization of successful Summer and Winter Deaflympics.
2. To promote and contribute to the development of sport opportunities and competitions, from grass-root to elite level, for Deaf athletes.
3. To support and encourage educational, cultural, research and scientific activities that contribute to the development and promotion of the Deaflympics.
4. To fully enforce a drug-free sport environment for all Deaf athletes in conjunction with the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).
5. To promote sports for Deaf athletes without discrimination for political, religious, economic, disability, gender or race reasons.