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General Instructions:
- This question paper contains 30 questions. All questions are compulsory.
- This question paper is divided into five sections. Sections-A, B, C, D and E.
- Section A – Question numbers 1 to 17 are Multiple Choice type questions carrying 1 mark each.
- Section B – Question numbers 18 and 19 are Source based questions carrying 3 marks each.
- Section C – Question numbers 20 to 23 are Short Answer type questions carrying 3 marks each. Answer to these questions shall be written in 80 to 100 words.
- Section D – Question number 24 to 29 are Long Answer type questions carrying 5 marks each. Answer to these questions shall be written in 120 to 150 words.
- Section E – Question number 30 is Map based questions.
SECTION-A
Multiple Choice Questions (Q 1 to 17)
1. The major issue for Environmental Geography is
i) Scientific study of the habitats.
ii) Pollution, land degradation, and conservation of the environment.
iii) Geographic characteristics of animals and their habitats.
iv) Population explosion.
Options: –
a) i and ii b) Only ii c) Only iii d) ii and iii
View AnswerAns. Option b) Only ii.
2. Look at the picture and choose appropriate option
Which of the following is a branch of Geography?
a) Zoogeography b) Human Geography
c) Environmental Geography d) Climate Geography
View AnswerAns. (d) Human Geography
3. What do we study under physical geography?
a) Weather b) Soil
c) Atmosphere d) All of the above
View AnswerAns. (d) All of the above
4. Expansion of universe means?
a) Increase in the number of stars.
b) Increase in space between the galaxies.
c) Discovery of new celestial bodies.
d) Increase in the speed of rotation of planets.
View AnswerAns. (b) Increase in space between the galaxies.
5. The wrong statement in relation to terrestrial planets is?
i) They are formed at quite a distant location.
ii) They have high gravitational pull.
iii) They could not hold the escaping gases.
iv) They are made up of rocks and metal, and have relatively high densities.
Options: –
a) i and ii b) iii and iv
c) Only i d) ii and iii
View AnswerAns. (a) i and ii
6. What is the thickness of the crust below the Himalayas?
a) 70 km b) 20 km c) 40 km d) 5 km
View AnswerAns. a) 70 km
7. In weathering ________
a) No motion of material takes place
b) Materials move from one place to another
c) The deposition of material takes place
d) None of the above
View AnswerAns. (a) No motion of material takes place
8. Which one of the following processes is a degradational process?
a) Deposition b) Diastrophism
c) Volcanism d) Erosion
View AnswerAns. (d) Erosion
9. Which is the smallest Union Territory in India?
a) Daman and Diu b) Lakshadweep
c) Delhi d) Puducherry
View AnswerAns. (b) Lakshadweep
10. Purvanchal hills are situated in the
a) South b) South- East c) North-East d) East
View AnswerAns. (c) North-East
11. India lies:
i) Mainly in the northern hemisphere
ii) Entirely in the northern hemisphere
iii) Between Tropic of Capricorn and the Equator
iv) More in the southern hemisphere
Options: –
a) Only i b) i and ii
c) Only ii d) ii and iii
View AnswerAns. (a) Only ii
12. Choose the State in India through which the Standard Meridian of India, as well as the Tropic of Cancer, passes covering the longest distance.
a) Odisha b) Madhya Pradesh
c) Bihar d) Uttar Pradesh
View AnswerAns. (b) Madhya Pradesh
13. The total area of India is:
a) 3.75 million sq. km b) 3.90 million sq. km
c) 3.00 million sq. km d) 3.28 million sq. km
View AnswerAns. (d) 3.28 million sq. km
14. The general relief is the oldest in the
a) Himalayan mountain system b) Indus-Ganga plain
c) North-eastern hills d) Peninsular plateau
View AnswerAns. (d) Peninsular plateau
15. The Nilgiris are part of the?
i) The Eastern Ghats
ii) The Western Ghats
iii) Vindhyachal
iv) Tamil Nadu Hills
Options: –
a) Only ii b) ii and iv
c) Only i d) ii and iii
View AnswerAns. (a) Only ii
16. The oldest landmass of India is
a) The Himalayan Mountain System b) Islands
c) The Peninsular Plateau d) The Indus-Ganga Plain
View AnswerAns. (c) The Peninsular Plateau
17. Which one of the following rivers is known as the Sorrow of Bengal?
(a) Gandak (b) Kosi (c) Son (d) Damodar
View AnswerAns. (d) Damodar
Section B – Question no. 18 and 19
(Source based questions)
18. Read the given paragraph and answer the given questions:
It is appropriate to know the importance of this branch of geography. Physical geography includes the study of lithosphere (landforms, drainage, relief and physiography), atmosphere (its composition, structure, elements and controls of weather and climate; temperature, pressure, winds, precipitation, climatic types, etc.), hydrosphere (oceans, seas, lakes and associated features with water realm) and biosphere (life forms including human being and macro-organism and their sustaining mechanism, viz. food chain, ecological parameters and ecological balance). Soils are formed through the process of pedogenesis and depend upon the parent rocks, climate, biological activity and time. Time provides maturity to soils and helps in the development of soil profiles. Each element is important for human beings. Landforms provide the base on which human activities are located. The plains are utilised for agriculture. Plateaus provide forests and minerals. Mountains provide pastures, forests, tourist spots and are sources of rivers providing water to lowlands. Climate influences our house types, clothing and food habits. The climate has a profound effect on vegetation, cropping pattern, livestock farming and some industries, etc. Human beings have developed technologies which modify climatic elements in a restricted space such as air conditioners and coolers. Temperature and precipitation ensure the density of forests and quality of grassland. In India, monsoonal rainfall sets the agriculture rhythm in motion. Precipitation recharges the ground water aquifers which later provide water for agriculture and domestic use. We study oceans which is the store house of resources. Besides fish and other sea-food, oceans are rich in mineral resources. India has developed the technology for collecting manganese nodules from oceanic bed. Soils are renewable resources, which influence a number of economic activities such as agriculture. The fertility of the soil is both naturally determined and culturally induced. Soils also provide the basis for the biosphere accommodating plants, animals and micro-organisms.
1. How Human beings interact with Nature?
View AnswerAns. Human beings interact with Nature with the help of technologies.
2. Define the term Pedogenesis.
View AnswerAns. It is a process of soil formation.
3. Give the importance of Oceans for man.
View AnswerAns. Oceans are the store house of resources. They provide fish and other sea-food, and mineral resources.
19. Read the given paragraph and answer the given questions:
The Himalayan drainage system has evolved through a long geological history. It mainly includes the Ganga, the Indus and the Brahmaputra river basins. Since these are fed both by melting of snow and precipitation, rivers of this system are perennial. These rivers pass through the giant gorges carved out by the erosional activity carried on simultaneously with the uplift of the Himalayas. Besides deep gorges, these rivers also form V-shaped valleys, rapids and waterfalls in their mountainous course. While entering the plains, they form depositional features like flat valleys, ox-bow lakes, flood plains, braided channels, and deltas near the river mouth. In the Himalayan reaches, the course of these rivers is highly tortous, but over the plains they display a strong meandering tendency and shift their courses frequently. River Kosi, also known as the ‘sorrow of Bihar’, has been notorious for frequently changing its course. The Kosi brings huge quantity of sediments from its upper reaches and deposits it in the plains. The course gets blocked, and consequently, the river changes its course. Why does the Kosi River bring such huge quantity of sediments from the upper reaches? Do you think that the discharge of the water in the rivers in general and the Kosi in particular, remains the same, or does it fluctuate? When does the river course receive the maximum quantity of water? What are the positive and negative effects of flooding?
1. Name some important rivers that have origin from Himalayas.
View AnswerAns. Ganga, Brahmaputra and Indus.
2. Why Himalayan Rivers are called perennial rivers?
View AnswerAns. Because they flow throughout of the year.
3. Why rivers change their course?
View AnswerAns. The course of rivers gets blocked by sediments from its upper reaches and deposits.
Section C – Question no. 20 to 23
(Short Answer type questions)
20. Explain different types of boundaries that form as a result of tectonic plates.
View AnswerAns.
1) Transform Boundaries: – When the tectonic plates move horizontally side by side this type of movement is called transform movement and the plates are called transform plate boundaries. In this movement the crust is neither produced nor destroyed.
2) Convergent Boundaries: – When tectonic plates come close to each other this type of movement is called convergent movement and the plates are called convergent plate boundaries. In this movement the crust is destroyed as one plate dived under another. The area where a plate dived is called subduction zone.
3) Divergent Boundaries: – When tectonic plates slowly move away from each other this type of movement is called divergent movement and the plates are called divergent plate boundaries. The new crust is formed by volcanic activity. The area where new crust forms is called spreading site.
21. Explain different types of Earthquakes.
View AnswerAns.
- Tectonic Earthquake: – The most common ones are the tectonic Earthquakes. These are generated due to sliding of rocks along a fault plane and the movement of tectonic plates.
- Volcanic Earthquake: – A special class of tectonic Earthquake is sometimes recognised as volcanic Earthquake. These are found on the areas of active volcanoes.
- Collapse Earthquake: – In the areas of intense mining activity sometimes the roofs of underground mines collapse due to seismic waves produced from the explosion of rock on the surface. These are called collapse Earthquakes.
- Explosion Earthquake: – Ground shaking may also occur due to the explosion of chemical or nuclear devices. Such tremors (झटके) are called explosion Earthquakes.
- Reservoir Induced Earthquake: – The Earthquakes that occur in the areas of large reservoirs are referred to as reservoir induced Earthquakes. Sometimes Earthquakes also occur in mines due to mining processes. Sometimes Earthquakes also occur below the oceans on surface of the ocean causing tsunamis.
22. What are the difference stages of a volcano?
View AnswerAns.
1) Active Volcano: – An active volcano is a volcano that has had at least one eruption during the past 10,000 years. An active volcano might be erupting or dormant.
2) Erupting Volcano: – An erupting volcano is an active volcano that is having an eruption.
3) Dormant: – A dormant volcano is an active volcano that is not erupting, but supposed to erupt again.
23. Explain the main features of Narmada River System.
View AnswerAns.
1) Origin: – The Narmada rises in the Amarkantak hills in Madhya Pradesh and flows towards the West in the rift valley formed due to faulting.
2) Tributaries: – All the tributaries of the Narmada are very short and most of these join the main stream at right angles.
3) Size: – Narmada basin extends over an area of 98,796 sq. km. which is nearly 3% of the total geographical area of the country.
4) Length: – The Narmada Basin covers parts of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat with the total length of 1,312 km.
{Any other relevant points}
Section D – Question no. 24 to 29
(Long Answer type questions)
24. What are the differences between Terrestrial Planets and Jovian Planets?
View AnswerAns.
25. What are the evidences in support of the continental drift theory?
View AnswerAns.
1) The Matching of Continents (Jig-Saw-Fit): – The shorelines of Africa and South America facing each other have a remarkable and unmistakable match.
2) Rocks of Same Age Across the Oceans: – The belt of ancient rocks of 2,000 million years from Brazil coast matches with those from western Africa. The earliest marine deposits along the coastline of South America and Africa are of the Jurassic age. This suggests that the ocean did not exist prior to that time.
3) Tillite: – It is the sedimentary rock formed out of deposits of glaciers. The tillite is found in all the broken parts of Gondwanaland. This shows that all the southern continents had similar histories.
4) Placer Deposits: – The occurrence of rich placer deposits of gold and the absolute absence of source rock in the Ghana coast accurately matches with same deposits in Brazil. This shows that these gold deposits of the Ghana are derived from the Brazil Plateau when the two continents move side by side.
5) Distribution of Fossils: – The distribution of fossils shows that same species of plants and animals were found in different parts of the Gondwanaland.
26. What are the difference between physical weathering and chemical weathering?
View AnswerAns.
27. Explain the brief description of India.
View AnswerAns.
- Location: – India is a vast country lying in the Northern Hemisphere, the mainland extends between latitude 8° 4’ and 37° 6’ North and longitudes 68° 7’ and 97° 25’ East.
- Line of Latitude: – The Tropic of Cancer (23° 30’ North Latitude) divides the country into almost two equal parts.
- Island Groups: – The Andaman and Nicobar Islands lies in the Bay of Bengal and Lakshadweep Islands in the Arabian Sea.
- Size: – The landmass of India has an area of 3.28 million sq. km which accounts for or 2.4% total geographical area of the world.
- Land Bounder: – India has a land boundary of about 15,200 km and the total length of the coastline of the mainland including Andaman Nicobar and Lakshadweep islands is 7,516.6 km.
- Mountains: – India’s Northern border is covered by World’s Highest Mountain series called Himalayan Mountain.
{Any other relevant points}
28. Give the main features of Himalayas.
View AnswerAns.
1) Introduction: – The Himalayas geologically young and structurally fold mountains lies to the north of India. The North and Northeastern Mountains consist of the Himalayas and the Northeastern hills. The Himalayas stand almost like a strong and long wall between the Indian subcontinent and the Central and East Asian countries.
2) Location: – These mountain ranges run in the west-east direction from the river Indus to the river Brahmaputra. Himalayas in the Darjiling and Sikkim regions lie in an east-west direction, while in Arunachal Pradesh they are from southwest to the northwest direction. In Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram, they are in the north-south direction.
3) Length & Width: – The approximate length of the Great Himalayan range, also known as the central axial range, is 2,500 km from east to west, and their width varies between 160 and 400 km from North to South.
4) Division: – The Himalayas consist of a series of parallel mountain ranges. Some of the important ranges are the Greater Himalayan range, which includes the Great Himalayas and the Shiwalik. The general orientation of these ranges is from northwest to the southeast direction in the northwestern part of India.
5) Specialization: – The altitudinal variations are greater in the eastern half than those in the Western half.
{Any other relevant points}
29. Explain the main features of Indus River system.
View AnswerAns.
- Origin: – River Indus rises in Tibet from the Bokhar Chu (glacier) in northern slopes of Mt. Kailash near Mansarowar Lake. In Tibet, it is known as ‘Singi Khamban; or Lion’s mouth.
- Length: – River Indus is one of the longest rivers in the world having length of 2900 (3180) km. (in India 1114).
- Direction of Flow: – Flowing west it enters India in the Ladakh union territory.
- Tributaries: – In Kashmir region it is joined by many tributaries of Zaskar, the Nubra, the Shyok and the Hunza. The Satluj, the Beas, the Ravi, the Chenab and the Jhelum join together to enter the Indus near Mithankot in Pakistan.
- Get down to Plains: – The Indus flows through Baltistan and Gilgit Region and leaves Himalayas at Attock in Kashmir region and enters into Pakistan near Chilas in the Dardistan region.
- Depositional Feature: – In Pakistan the Indus flows southwards and forms ‘Sapt Sindhu’ delta in Karachi and drains into the Arabian Sea.
{Any other relevant points}
Section E – Question no. 30
(Map based questions)
30. A Mark on the political map of India
Standard Meridian of India
Mt. K2
Anai Mudi
Sambhar Lake