Practice Paper
TERM II (2021 – 2022)
Class – XI
Geography (029)
Time: 2 hours Maximum Marks: 35
General Instructions:
- There are 10 Question in all.
- Question paper has divided into 5 Sections-A, B, C, D & E
- Marks of all questions are indicated against.
- In Section A question number 1 to 3 are very Short Answer type questions. Attempt any 3 questions.
- In Section B question number 4 is sourced based question.
- In Section C question number 5 & 6 are Short Answer based questions.
- In Section D question number 7 to 9 are Long Answer based questions.
- In Section E question number 10 is Map based questions
SECTION – A
1. Explain types of Tides on the basis of positions of Sun, Moon and Earth.
Ans. Spring tides: The position of both the sun and the moon in relation to the earth has direct bearing on tide height. When the sun, the moon and the earth are in a straight line, the height of the tide will be higher. These are called spring tides and they occur twice a month, one on full moon period and another during new moon period.
Neap tides: Normally, there is a seven-day interval between the spring tides and neap tides. At this time the sun and moon are at right angles to each other and the forces of the sun and moon tend to counteract one another. The Moon’s attraction, though more than twice as strong as the sun’s, is diminished by the counteracting force of the sun’s gravitational pull.
2. How do currents affect the temperature? How does it affect the temperature of coastal areas in the N.W. Europe?
Ans. The oceanic circulation transports heat from one latitude belt to another in a manner similar to the heat transported by the general circulation of the atmosphere. West coasts of the North-West Europe in the middle and higher latitudes are bordered by warm waters which cause a distinct marine climate. They are characterized by cool summers and relatively mild winters with a narrow annual range of temperatures.
3. How Jet stream influence Indian weather? Explain.
Ans. The Jet stream is a river of wind that blows horizontally through the upper layers of the troposphere, generally from west to east, at an altitude of 20,000 – 50,000 feet (6,100 – 9,144 meters) or about 7 miles (11 kms) up. The easterly jet stream steers the tropical depressions into India. These depressions play a significant role in the distribution of monsoon rainfall over the Indian subcontinent. The tracks of these depressions are the areas of highest rainfall in India.
OR
Mention any two main reasons for the excessive cold in north India during winter season.
Ans. There are three main reasons for the excessive cold in north India during this season:
(i) States like Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan being far away from the moderating influence of sea experience continental climate.
(ii) The snowfall in the nearby Himalayan ranges creates cold wave situation.
(iii) Around February, the cold winds coming from the Caspian Sea and Turkmenistan bring cold wave along with frost and fog over the north-western parts of India.
SECTION – B (SOURCE BASED QUESTION)
4.
Biodiversity
Since the last few decades, growth in human population has increased the rate of consumption of natural resources. It has accelerated the loss of species and habitation in different parts of the world. Tropical regions which occupy only about one-fourth of the total area of the world, contain about three fourth of the world human population. Over exploitation of resources and deforestation have become rampant to fulfil the needs of large population. As these tropical rain forests contain 50 percent of the species on the earth, destruction of natural habitats have proved disastrous for the entire biosphere.
4.1 What do you understand by loss of Biodiversity?
Ans. Damage to the flora and fauna of the earth
4.2 Mention any two main reason for the loss of species and habitation.
Ans. Increase in population, Natural calamities.
4.3 How can we conserve Biodiversity?
Ans. (i) Efforts should be made to preserve the species that are endangered.
(ii) Prevention of extinction requires proper planning and management.
(iii) Varieties of food crops, forage plants, timber trees, livestock, animals and their wild relatives should be preserved.
(iv) Each country should identify habitants of wild relatives and ensure their protection.
(v) Habitats where species feed, breed, rest and nurse their young should be safeguarded and protected.
(vi) International trade in wild plants and animals be regulated.
SECTION – C
5. Explain three different ways of cooling and heating of atmosphere.
Ans. (i) The earth after being heated by insolation transmits the heat to the atmospheric layers near to the earth in long wave form. The air in contact with the land gets heated slowly and the upper layers in contact with the lower layers also get heated. This process is called conduction.
(ii) The air in contact with the earth rises vertically on heating in the form of currents and further transmits the heat of the atmosphere. This process of vertical heating of the atmosphere is known as convection.
(iii) The transfer of heat through horizontal movement of air is called advection.
OR
Differentiate between Land breeze and Sea breeze.
Ans. During the day the land heats up faster and becomes warmer than the sea. Therefore, over the land the air rises giving rise to a low pressure area, whereas the sea is relatively cool and the pressure over sea is relatively high. Thus, pressure gradient from sea to land is created and the wind blows from the sea to the land as the sea breeze.
In the night the reversal of condition takes place. The land loses heat faster and is cooler than the sea. The pressure gradient is from the land to the sea and hence land breeze resuts.
6. What are black soils? Describe their formation and characteristics.
Ans. Black soil – formed by disintegration of lava rocks.
These soils are also known as the ‘Regur Soil’ or the ‘Black Cotton Soil’. The black soils are generally clayey, deep and impermeable.
They swell and become sticky when wet shrink when dried. So, during the dry season, these soil develop wide cracks. Thus, there occurs a kind of ‘self-ploughing’. Because of this character of slow absorption and loss of moisture, the black soil retains the moisture for a very long time, which helps the crops, especially, the rain fed ones, to sustain even during the dry season.
SECTION – D
7. What do you mean by condensation? Explain its four forms on the basis of temperature and location.
Ans. The transformation of water vapour into water is called condensation.
Condensation is caused by the loss of heat. When moist air is cooled, it may reach a level when its capacity to hold water vapour ceases. Forms are Dew, Frost, Mist, Fog, Clouds
OR
“The column of atmosphere is divided into five different layers depending upon the temperature condition”. Explain with diagram.
Ans. The column of atmosphere is divided into five different layers depending upon the temperature condition. They are troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exosphere.
8. Describe weather conditions in the South-West monsoon season with reference to Monsoon winds of Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal.
Ans. The rain in the southwest monsoon season begins rather abruptly. One result of the first rain is that it brings down the temperature substantially. This sudden onset of the moisture-laden winds associated with violent thunder and lightning, is often termed as the “break” or “burst” of the monsoons. The monsoon may burst in the first week of June in the coastal areas of Kerala, Karnataka, Goa and Maharashtra while in the interior parts of the country, it may be delayed to the first week of July. The day temperature registers a decline of 50C to 80C between mid-June and mid-July. As these winds approach the land, their south-westerly direction is modified by the relief and thermal low pressure over the northwest India.
The monsoon winds originating over the Arabian Sea further split into three branches:
(i) Its one branch is obstructed by the Western Ghats. These winds climb the slopes of the Western Ghats from 900-1200 m. Soon, they become cool, and as a result, the windward side of the Sahyadris and Western Coastal Plain receive very heavy rainfall ranging between 250 cm and 400 cm.
(ii) Another branch of the Arabian sea monsoon strikes the coast north of Mumbai. Moving along the Narmada and Tapi river valleys.
(iii) A third branch of this monsoon wind strikes the Saurashtra Peninsula and the Kachchh. It then passes over west Rajasthan and along the Aravalis.
Monsoon Winds of the Bay of Bengal. The Bay of Bengal branch strikes the coast of Myanmar and part of southwest Bangladesh.
The other branch moves up the Brahmaputra valley in the north and the northeast, causing widespread rains.
9. “Different ways of social forestry are the effective method to conserve forest on large scale”. Elaborate this statement with examples.
Ans. Social forestry means the management and protection of forests and afforestation on barren lands with the purpose of helping in the environmental, social and rural development.
Urban forestry pertains to the raising and management of trees on public and privately owned lands in and around urban centres of such as green belts, parks, roadside avenues, industrial and commercial green belts, etc.
Rural forestry lays emphasis on promotion of agro-forestry and community-forestry.
Agro-forestry is the raising of trees and agriculture crops on the same land inclusive of the waste patches.
Farm forestry is a term applied to the process under which farmers grow trees for commercial and non-commercial purposes on their farm lands.
SECTION – E
10. (A) Identify the following features marked by a, b and c on the given map of the world and write their names (Attempt any 2)
a) An Ecological hot spot
Ans. Upper Guinean forests
b) A water body
Ans. Caspian Sea
c) A Warm Ocean Current
Ans. Agulhas Current
(B) On the outline map of India indicate and mark the following features: (Attempt any 3)
a) As type of climate region
b) Laterite soil area in peninsular India
c) Pachmahri Biosphere reserve
d) Similipal Biosphere reserve
