Class X – Social Science – Paper – 7

Ans. (d) It allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years.

Ans. (c) Gully erosion.

Ans. (a) Mahatma Gandhi

Ans. (b) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Ans. (c) The judges are appointed by the Executive and further judges can check the functioning of Executive or laws made by the Legislature.

Ans. (d) A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II

Ans. (c) Creation of an independent Tamil Eelam (state)

Ans. (b) Teaching

Ans. (a) I & III

Ans. (d) A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France.

Ans. (a) Vertical division of power

Ans. (b) India

Ans. Option (b)

Ans. (a) Kerala

Ans. (d) Jowar

Ans. (b) MTNL, Indian Railways, Jet Airways, All India Radio

Ans. (d) Money-lenders

Ans. (c) Statement I, II and III are right

Ans. (c) III, IV, II, I

Ans. (c) Body Mass Index

Ans. Above image shows new laws that were made in Russia in 2005 giving powers to its President. During the same time the US President visited Russia. This image tell that concentration of power under one centre undermines the concept of democracy.

Ans. The Rowlatt Act affected the National Movement as the Indians disapproved this act in the following ways

(i) Rallies were organised in various cities, workers went on strike in railway workshops and shops were closed down.

(ii) British administration suppressed the nationalists. As a result, local leaders were picketed up from Amritsar and Mahatma Gandhi was barred from entering Delhi.

Ans. The money that is spent to buy assets such as land, building, machines and other equipment is called investment.

The companies which make foreign investment in India are Nike, Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Honda, Nokia, Tata Motors, Infosys, Ranbaxy, Asian Paints, etc.

Ans. The soil that develops on crystalline and metamorphic rocks have ions diffused in it, which makes the soil red. It turns yellow when the diffusion of iron occurs in hydrated form.

Ans. Only 93% of the total geographical arca is measured for land use pattern in India because most of the North-East state except Assam is inacessible and some parts of Jammu and Kashmir are occupied by Pakistan and China, that includes about 7 per cent of total area.

Ans. Yes, Indian agriculture is mostly concentrated in the unorganised sector. This is justified through the following points

(i) Agriculture in India faces the problem of disguised unemployment which means more number of people are employed than actually needed. So this shows that agriculture is unorganised.

(ii) Farmers are employed during harvesting and sowing season while rest of time they are unemployed. So, the problem of underemployment shows that agriculture is unorganised.

(iii) Most of the farmers depend on moneylenders, rich farmers and relatives for taking loans instead of banks. Then they have to pay high interest, this means that agriculture in India is unorganised sector.

Ans. We can say that globalisation has been advantageous to both consumers as well as the producers due to the following reasons

(i) Globalisation has led to an intense increase in industrial competition.

(ii) As a result, producers are competing over each other to provide better and cheaper services to the consumers. This has also resulted in reduction of the prices.

(iii) With the initiation of globalisation, producers now have actively free access to international markets. Also, they can avail more easily the credit facilities forwarded in terms of capital and technology. Like for instance in case of electronics goods and garments industry.

(iv) Consumers have more chances of goods and services as compared to earlier times especially in modern digital technological equipments like cell phones, cameras, etc.

Ans. The effects of worldwide economic depression on India, towards late 1920’s were

(i) The depression immediately affected Indian trade. Indians exports and imports nearly came to half between 1928 and 1934.

(ii) Between 1928 and 1934, wheat prices fell by 50%. The fall in prices had a deep impact on poor farmers. Though agricultural prices fell sharply but the colonial government refused to give any relief to the farmers in taxes.

(iii) The unrest created the great depression, provided an opportunity to Mahatma Gandhi to launch the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1931.

Ans. Gandhiji launched the Civil Disobedience Movement because Lord Irwin ignored Gandhi’s eleven demands including the abolition of the Salt Tax. Gandhi’s ‘Salt March’ marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement all over India.

The Civil Disobedience Movement came into force in various parts of the country and united different groups in the following ways

(i) With the spread of the movement, foreign cloth was boycotted and liquor shops were picketed. Peasants refused to pay revenue and chaukidari taxes. Village officials resigned from their post. Forest people violated forest law.

(ii) In the countryside, rich peasant communities viz, Patidars of Gujarat and the Jats of Uttar Pradesh became the supporters of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

(iii) The poorer peasantry, often led by the socialist and the communist, joined a variety of radical movements for the remission of their unpaid rent to the landlords.

Ans. The impact of First World War on Britain’s economy were as follows

(i) Britain which was a leading economy of the world

before the First World War faced a prolonged crisis. While Britain was pre-occupied with war, industries had developed in Japan and India. After the war, Britain found it difficult to recapture its earlier position.

(ii) Britain has borrowed liberally from the USA for its war time expenditure, thus at the end of the war, Britain was burdened with huge external debt.

(iii) After the war, production in Britain contracted which led to huge job losses. In 1921, one in every five British workers was out of work. Anxiety and uncertainty about work became an enduring part of the post-war time.

Ans. 1. 12 x 10 = 120 instalments.

2. Collateral is an asset that the borrower owns (such as land, building, vehicle, livestocks, deposits with banks) and uses this as a guarantee to a lender until the loan is repaid. If the borrower fails to repay the loan, the lender has the right to sell the asset or collateral to obtain payment.

Ans. Resources on the basis of ownership means who owns the resources. It can be a person, a group, a community or a country.

Classification of resources is tabulated below

Ans. Alluvial soil can be described as follows

(i) Formation Alluvial soil is made-up of silt, sand and clay. It is deposited by three important Himalayan river systems-the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. It is bigger and coarser in the upper reaches of the river and becomes finer as the river flows down.

(ii) Distribution/Area This soil is prevalent in the river valleys of the Northern plains (Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra), strips in Gujarat and Rajasthan, as well as in the Eastern coastal plains in the deltas of rivers of the Peninsular plateau (Mahanadi, Krishna, Kaveri). (iii) Classification According to their age, alluvial soil can be classified as (Bangar) old alluvial and Khadar (new alluvial). Khadar has higher concentration of Kankar and contains more fine particles than Bangar.

(iv) Nutrients/Minerals This soil is rich in nutrients like potash, phosphoric acid and lime, which is suitable for growing paddy, wheat, sugarcane and other cereal and pulse crops.

Ans. Public facilities are the facilities provided by the government either free of cost or at very low price for the welfare of the people like schools, health centres, public transports, etc. The importance of these facilities is to make these available for everyone to use. Four major facilities are as follows:

(i) Basic Education Government provides schools and other educational facilities like chairs, books, etc to be used by the public. But, their use and performance are depended on collective response and community cooperation.

(ii) Basic Health Facilities Government provides hospitals and vaccine programmes to maintain proper health.

(iii) Law and der Facility/Security It is the duty of the government to ensure law and order and provide security in order to maintain peace in the country.

(iv) Provide Public Distribution System (PDS) Government opens PDS shops or ration shops through which it supplies basic food items like rice, wheat, pulses, etc at very low price/ subsidised rate to the lower income group or poor people.

Ans. The significance of secondary sector in Indian economy is as follows

(i) Secondary sector involves the industrial production. Industrial activities utilise the materials produced in the primary sector. In the process, it creates massive employment of various scales. It also induces service sector like transport, market, etc to flourish.

(ii) As all the sectors of economy are interdependent, secondary sector has a great contribution for the sustainance and growth of other sectors.

(iii) Secondary sector induces growth and productivity to primary sector and helps in flourishing of tertiary sector. It produces instruments and appliances that directly help primary sector for better production.

(iv) It absorbs excess labour from the primary sector and reduces disguised unemployment.

(v) It also contributes significantly to the GDP of India and employment basket.

Ans. Dalit participation was limited in the Civil Disobedience Movement. It was due to the following reasons

(i) Dalits or untouchables belong to the lower strata of our society. The Congress Party ignored the Dalits for fear of offending the conservative high caste Hindu’s, i.e., Sanatanis. Gandhiji first realised that Swaraj would not come for a hundred years if untouchability was not eliminated. But, many Dalit leaders believed in a different political solution to the problem of their community.

(ii) They thought that only political empowerment would resolve their problems of social disabilities. So, they began organising themselves, demanding reserve seats in educational institutions and a separate electorate that would choose their Dalit members for Legislative Councils. Dr BR Ambedkar demanded separate electorate for Dalits which was denied by Gandhiji. Dalit Movement continued to be apprehensive of the Congress led National Movement and their participation was limited. Thus, it can be concluded that Dalit participation was limited in the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Ans. Under the leadership of Gandhiji, the Civil Disobedience Movement was launched in 1930. The Dandi March signified the start of the Civil Disobedience Movement. It carried forward the unfinished work of the Non-Cooperation Movement. Practically, the whole country was involved in it. However, the Civil Disobedience Movement had some significant effects on India’s freedom struggle.

These were as follows

(i) It strengthened the National Movement further.

(ii) It created political consciousness and a deep sense of patriotism in the minds of the people.

(iii) It brought women out of their homes and make them equal partners in the freedom struggle.

(iv) It made people understand the significance of the principles of Non-violence.

(v) It made the British government realise the need for constitutional reform, as a consequence the Government of India Act, 1935 was passed.

Ans. It is not possible for Modern democracy to exist without political parties. The necessity of a Political Party in democracy can be explained in the following ways

(i) If every elected representative is independent, which means he or she is not attached with a political party, then he/she will not make promise for any major policy changes. The government may be formed but its utility will remain uncertain. Non-party based Panchayat election also face the same problem.

(ii) The rise of political parties is directly linked to the emergence of representative democracies. As society became larger and complicated, they also need some agency to gather different views on various issues and to present these to the government.

(iii) Political parties inform the people about the working of the ruling party. They talk about the problems of the state, the working and failure of the government and give suggestion for the upliftment of masses. Thus, Political Party acts as a link between government and masses.

Ans. Political parties are rightly called the government in disguise. The four arguments in reference to the statement are

(i) In most democracies, elections are fought among the candidates put up by political partics. The party which wins the majority, forms the government. In a parliamentary system, the leader of the party in power becomes the Prime Minister and he appoints the other-ministers.

(ii) In a democracy, a large number of similar opinions have to be grouped together to provide a direction in which policies can be formulated by the government. Political party reduces a vast multitude of opinions into a few basic positions and if it is ruling party, government accepts the line taken by it.

(iii) Political parties raise and highlight issues. Often they shape public opinion. There are always some socio-economic and political issues at the domestic and international level. Political parties always try to tackle the issues.

(iv) The parties which play the role of opposition in the government always criticise government for its wrong policies. Opposition parties mobilise opposition to the government.

Ans. Gandhiji choose salt as a symbol of protest as it was an indispensable commodity for every household and due to imposition of existing high duty on it, excessive economic burden was laid on the common people. Civil Disobedience Movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi because Viceroy Lord Irwin ignored the eleven demands presented by Gandhiji including the abolition of Salt Law. Thus, this marked the beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement with Gandhiji’s Salt March.

Ans. Gandhiji started the Salt March from his ashram in Sabarmati to the coastal town of Dandi which was over 240 miles. He was accompanied by 78 of his trusted volunteers and the march continued till 24 days. During the March, Gandhiji explained the people regarding the Swaraj and urged them to defy the British laws. On reaching Dandi, he broke the Salt Law manufacturing salt by boiling the sea water

Ans. The total income calculates the sum total of income earned only. It do not considers the total number of population into which that income is divided.

Ans. Classification of countries by the World Bank is a way to know how many countries fall in rich, middle and low income groups. With this information, the World Bank terms the countries as developed or developing.

Ans. Yes, World Development Report on categorising India as low middle income country is correct because India’s per capita income is much lower than the income of developed countries like US. At the same time, the per capita income of India is higher than low income countries. Therefore, India’s category as a low middle income country is correct.

Ans. When state power is used to establish domination of one religious group over the rest of the groups and the demands of one religious group are formed in opposition to another, communalism happens at that time.

Ans. If the followers of different religions have some communalities then, these will be superficial and immaterial from the stand point of communalism. Their interests should be different according to the believers of communal politics.

Ans. Communal politics is able to suppress many voices within the same community when people of same religion do not have the same interests and aspirations and any attempt is made to bring all followers of same religion together.

Ans.