Class X – Social Science – 2023 – Paper 5

Ans. (c) Economic system

Ans. (c) Bible

Ans. (d) Vallabhbhai Patel

Ans. (b) She took part in the French Revolution.

Ans. (c) Commercial farming use of higher doses of modern inputs

Ans. (a) 1972

Ans. (b) Mining

Ans. (b) Sinhala

Ans. (b) I, II and IV

Ans. (d) As per the Constitution, religion can never be separated from politics.

Ans. (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).

Ans. (d) It does not allow room to correct mistakes.

Ans. (d) 10060

Ans. (c) 59%

Ans. (d) I and II

Ans. (d) Primary sector, especially unorganized sector

Ans. (c) Organized sector

Ans. (d) The Reserve Bank of India

Ans. (d) United States of America

Ans. (d) Access information instantly across countries

Ans. (i) Poverty and hunger were common in Europe.

(ii) Cities were crowded and deadly diseases were widespread.

(iii) Religious conflicts were common.

(iv) Religious dissenters were persecuted.

(v) Any other relevant point. Pg.56

(Any two points to be explained)

Ans. (i) When beliefs of one religion are presented as superior to those of other religions a

(ii) Communal politics is based on the idea that religion is the principal basis of social community.

(iii) Communalism leads to the belief that people belonging to different religions cannot live as equal citizens in a nation.

(iv) People of one religion do not have the same interest and aspirations in every context

(v) Religious prejudices, stereotypes of religious communities and belief in the superiority of one’s religions over other religions 

(vi) Any other relevant point. Pg .36-37

(Any two points to be explained )

Ans. (i) There is an urgent need to develop a sustainable path of development.

(ii) Promotion of energy conservation and increased use of renewable energy resources are twin planks of energy conservation.

(iii) Judicious use of limited energy resources.

(iv) Reduce, reuse and recycling of resources.

(v) Stoppage of wastage of resources

(vi) Any other relevant point .

(Any two points to be explained ) Pg.55

Ans. (i) Limited availability of resources

(ii) The growing consumption of energy has resulted in depletion of fossil fuels.

(iii) Rising prices of oil and gas and their potential shortages have raised uncertainties.

(iv) Increasing use of fossil fuel has caused serious environmental problems.

(v) Urbanization and industrialization

(vi) Any other relevant point. Pg.54

(Any two points to be explained )

Ans. (i) Improved irrigation facilities so that farmers harvest two or three crops in one year, thus more people can be employed.

(ii) Provide better roads and improve transportation and storage, which will benefit farmers so that people will be employed in these sectors.

(iii) Honey collection centers or vegetable and fruit processing units should be set up.

(iv) More cottage industries and services should be promoted in rural areas with soft loans and marketing support.

(v) More infrastructural and manufacturing facilities

(vi) Any other relevant point . Pg.27-28

(Any two points to be explained )

Ans. (i) Foreign goods were boycotted.

(ii) Liquor shops were picketed.

(iii) Foreign clothes burnt in huge bonfires.

(iv) Merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods.

(v) People began discarding imported clothes and wearing only Indian ones.

(vi) Production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up.

(vii) Use of swadeshi goods

(viii) Import of foreign cloth halved. Any other relevant point. Pg .34

(Any three points to be explained )

Ans. (i) Rallies were organized in various cities.

(ii) Workers strike in railway workshops.

(iii) Shops were closed down.

(iv) Lines of communication such as railways and telegraph were disrupted

(v) Any other relevant point. Pg . 31

(Any three points to be explained)

Ans. (i) It is not only used to transport water but also crude oil, petroleum products, and natural gas.

(ii) Solids can also be transported through a pipeline when converted into slurry

(iii) It rules out Trans-shipment delays.

(iv) Initial cost of laying pipelines is high but subsequent running costs are minimal.

(v) Pipelines connect through Natural gas fields, fertilizer factories and big thermal power plants.

(vi) Any other relevant point. Pg .75

(Any three points to be explained )

Ans. (i) Flexibility in labour laws has badly affected workers.

(ii) MNCs employ them on a temporary basis to cut costs.

(iii) They are not paid throughout the year.

(iv) During peak seasons, workers are made to work for long hours and night shifts.

(v) Any other relevant point. Pg. 69

 (Any three points to be described )

Ans. (i) Democracy provides means to examine the process of decision making, so it is transparent.

(ii) Democracy is based on the idea of deliberation and negotiation.

(iii) Democracy ensures that decision-making will be based on certain norms and procedures.

(iv) Democracy follows procedures and is accountable to the people.

(v) Democracy is a legitimate and accountable government.

Any other relevant point. Pg 65

(Any three points to be explained )

Ans. (i). Public Sector and Private Sector.

(ii) Public Sector: The government owns most of the assets and provides all the services.

Ex : -Railway or Post office are examples of Public Sector.

(iii) Private Sector- Ownership of assets and delivery of services is in the hands of private individuals or companies.

Ex : Companies like Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (TISCO), Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) are privately owned companies.

(Any other example could be considered) Pg 33

Ans. (i) During middle of 19th century Italy was divided into 7 States, of which only Sardinia – Piedmont, was ruled by an Italian Prince.

(ii) Giuseppe Mazzini made efforts to unite the Italian Republic. He had formed a secret society called ‘Young Italy’ for achieving his goal.

(iii) Count Cavour was the Chief Minister who led the movement to unify Italy. He formed a tactful diplomatic alliance with France and defeated the Austrian forces.

(iv) Giuseppe Garibaldi formed armed volunteers. In 1860, they marched into South Italy and the kingdoms of two Sicilies and succeeded in driving out the Spanish ruler.

(v) In 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed the King of United Italy.

(To be assessed as whole) Pg 20

Ans. (i) The ideas of la patrie (the father land), le cition (the motherland )emphasised the notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under our constitution .

(ii) A new french flag, the tricolor, was chosen to replace the former royal standard.

(iii) The estates general was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the national assembly.

(iv) New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated all in the name of the nation.

(v) A centralized administrative system was put in place .

(vi) It formulated uniform laws for all citizens within its territory .

(vii) Internal custom duties and dues were abolished .

(viii) A uniform system of weights and measures were adopted .

(ix) Regional dialects were discouraged and French, as it was spoken and written in Paris, became the common language of the nation .

(x) Any other relevant point. Pg 5

(Any Five points to be explained )

Ans. (i) The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries and is considered the backbone of the economy.

(ii) Helps to modernize agriculture

(iii) Reduces dependency on agriculture

(iv) Help to eradicate unemployment and poverty

(v) Reduces regional disparities by setting up industries in remote areas.

(vi) Earns foreign exchange (vii) Brings overall prosperity

(viii) Any other relevant point Pg.58

(Any FIVE points to be explained)

Ans. (i) Minimising use water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages

(ii) Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements

(iii) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.

Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases

(a) Primary treatment by mechanical means. This involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.

(b) Secondary treatment by biological process

(c) Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of wastewater.

(iv) Overdrawing of ground water reserves by industry where there is a threat to ground water resources also needs to be regulated legally.

(v) Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators. Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories. 

(vi) Machinery and equipment can be used and generators should be fitted with silencers.

(vii) Almost all machinery can be redesigned to increase energy efficiency and reduce noises.

(viii) Any other relevant point. Pg 66

(Any FIVE points to be explained)

Ans. (i) Lack of internal democracy within parties.

(ii) Parties do not keep membership registers , do not hold organizational meeting and do not conduct internal election regularly.

(iii) Dynastic succession.

(iv) Money and Muscle power.

(v) Lack of decision-making process.

(vi) Lack of meaningful choice to the voters.

(vii) Lack of ideological differences among parties.

(viii) Any other relevant point Pg.57-58

(Any FIVE points to be explained)

Ans. (i) Parties Contest Elections

(ii) parties put forward different policies and programs and the voters choose from them

(iii) They make laws.

(iv) Parties form and run government

(v) Function as opposition

(vi) Shape public opinion

(vii) Provide access to government machinery and welfare schemes.

(viii) Any other relevant point Pg.48-49

(Any FIVE points to be explained )

Ans. Credit plays two roles-positive and negative

A. Positive role of credit:

(i) A large number of transactions in day to day activities involve credit.

(ii) The credit helps to meet the ongoing expenses of production

(iii) Credit plays a positive role when the borrower is able to return the loan amount on time and also makes some profit with the use of that money.

(iv) It makes a person better off than before

(v) Any other relevant point

Any one point (1)

(vi) Any example could be given explaining the positive role of credit (1 ½ )

(Example of book: Salim, a shoe manufacturer took a loan from different sources to complete the order of 3000 pair of shoes, in the end he delivered the order, made profit and repaid the loan. (1+1 ½ =2 ½ )

B- Negative role of credit:

(i) Sometimes failure of the crop makes loan repayment impossible.

(ii) Sometimes credit is very painful as it pushes the borrower into such a situation from which recovery is very difficult.

(iii) In this situation the borrower is not able to repay the loan

(iv) Many times caught into the situation of debt-trap.

(v) To repay loan one has to sell portion of one’s land

(vi) Any example could be given explaining the negative role of credit

(vii) Any other relevant point

Any point to be explained 1

(viii) Any example could be given explaining the positive role of credit. (1 ½ )

(Example of book-A small farmer Swapna took loan for crop cultivation but due to some reason she faced the situation of crop failure. So she took another loan for spraying pesticides but the production was not enough to repay the loan. So she was caught in debt-trap. (1+1 ½ =2 ½ )

Pg.43-44)

Ans. A- Collateral

(i) Collateral is an asset that the borrower owns and uses this as a guarantee to lenders until the loans are repaid. Property such as land, deposits with banks, livestock are some examples of collateral used for borrowing.

B- Why is collateral a main reason to prevent the poor getting a loan from banks

(ii) Absence of collateral with the poor.

(iii) Absence of documents with them.

(iv) Absence of formal sources of credit in rural area .

(v) Lack of education and awareness among them.

(vi) Any other relevant point Pg 44-45

(Any Four points to be explained )

Ans. 1854

Ans. Dwarkanath Tagore, Dinshaw Petit, G.D. Birla (Any two)

Ans. (i) Many Indians had the sufficient capital to trade with other countries.

(ii) Many indians worked through trade network

(iii)They financed funds across cities.

(iv) They procured supplies and shipping consignment.

(v) Any other relevant point

Any two points to be explained.Pg. 94

Ans. (i) Inundation channels of Bengal.

(ii) Khadins of Rajasthan

(iii) Johads of Rajasthan

(iv) Any other relevant point

Ans. (i) They have arranged underground tanks or tankas for storing water.

(ii) They have a well developed roof top rainwater harvesting system (palarpani) and were built inside the main house or courtyard.

(iii) It is a reliable source of drinking water

(iv) It beats the summer heat as it would keep the room cool

(v) Any other relevant point.

Any one point to be explained.

Ans. (i) Rainwater harvesting is used to meet peoples and regions water needs.

(ii) Rain water can be used by building diversion channels used for agriculture .

(iii) They can be stored as drinking water particularly in Rajasthan

(iv) Rainwater harvesting is used to maintain water in tanks.

(v) Rainwater harvesting is used to maintain room temperature through tanks and ducting.

(vi) Any other relevant point Pg 25

(Any two points to be explained )

Ans. Total Belgium population- 59% live in the Flemish region and speak the Dutch language. 40% live in the Wallonia region and speak French. The remaining one percent of the Belgians speaks German.

Ans. (i) The term ‘ethnic’ implies a social division based on shared culture. People belonging to the same ethnic group believe in their common descent because of similarities of physical type or of culture or both

(ii) Any other relevant point

Any one point

Ans. (i) Amended the constitution

(ii) Dutch and French speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government.

(iii) Belgium established a community government for different linguistic communities.

(iv) Any other relevant point.

(Any two points to be explained )

Ans. Dandi

Ans. Calcutta

Ans. Uttarakhand

Ans. Jharkhand

Ans. Maharashtra

Ans. Tamil Nadu

Ans.