Class X – Social Science – 2023 – Paper 4

Ans. (b) I, II, III and IV

Ans. (b) Highlighted the experiences of women.

Ans. (d) The flow of technology

Ans. (a) James Watt

Ans. (d) Nickel

Ans. Option (c)

Ans. (a) Alluvial Soil – Consist of sand and silt

Ans. (c) India

Ans. (c) Tertiary

Ans. (c) Government wanted Indian producers to compete in the World Market.

Ans. (a) I and II

Ans. (a) 39

Ans. (a) Better wages

Ans. (a) Primary Sector – Flower Cultivator

Ans. (b) II, III and IV

Ans. (d) (A) is false but (R) is true.

Ans. Option (c)

Ans. (c) Decentralized System

Ans. (c) America

Ans. (a) Democratic

Ans. i Recruitment was done by agents engaged by employers and paid a small commission.

ii Many migrants agreed to take up work hoping to escape poverty or oppression in their home villages.

iii Agents also tempted the prospective migrants by providing false information about final destinations, modes of travel, the nature of the work, living and working conditions.

iv Often migrants were not even told that they were to embark on a long sea voyage.

v Sometimes agents forcefully abducted less willing migrants.

vi Any other relevant point

Any two points to be explained.

Ans. i Spanish carried germs of smallpox on their person and Americans were affected due to their no immunity.

ii Smallpox proved to be a deadly killer.

iii Once introduced it spread deep into the continent, ahead even of any Europeans reaching there.

iv Smallpox killed and decimated whole communities and paved the way for conquest of European.

v Guns could be bought or captured and turned against the invaders, but not disease such as smallpox, to which the conquerors were mostly immune.

vi Any other relevant point

Any two points to be explained.

Ans. i The agro-industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.

ii Industries depend on the agriculture for raw materials and Agricultural sector gets products such as irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, machines, and tools, etc.

iii Development and competitiveness of manufacturing industry has not only assisted agriculturists in increasing their production but also made the production processes very efficient.

iv In globalisation, our industry and agricultural sectors need to work in coherence.

v Any other relevant point

Any two points to be explained.

Ans. i Each person seeks different things that are important for him/her.

ii The economic, social, and cultural needs of every person are different and so the goals are different.

iii Sense of freedom and security are important for few and for others income is the most important aspect.

iv Sometimes two persons or group of persons may seek thing which are conflicting.

v. Any other examples can also be considered.

To be assessed as a whole.

Ans. i Some Parents prefer to spend more resources for their sons rather than for their daughters.

ii Many women often face domestic violence.

iii Many a times highly paid valued jobs are very less for women.

iv In many areas of work in private sectors women are not provided equal wages to men.

v Any other relevant point

Any two points to be explained.

Ans. i The term ‘liberalism’ is derived from the Latin word liber, meaning free.

ii For the new middle classes, liberalism stood for freedom for the individual and equality of all before the law.

iii Politically, it emphasized the concept of government by consent.

iv Equality before the law did not necessarily stand for universal suffrage.

v The right to vote and to get elected was granted exclusively to propertyowning men.

vi Liberals also stressed on the inviolability of private property.

vii In the economic sphere, liberalism stood for the freedom of markets and the abolition of State-imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital.

viii Any other relevant point

Any three points to be examined.

Ans. i Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire, and disease.

ii Establishment of Grameen Banks, Cooperative Societies, and Banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interest.

iii Kissan Credit Card (KCC)

iv Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS).

v Special Weather Bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers.

vi The government has also announced Minimum Support Price, remunerative and procurement prices for important crops.

vii Check the exploitation of farmers by speculators and middlemen.

viii Any other relevant point

Any three points to be explained.

Ans. i Technology in the areas of telecommunications, computers, Internet has been changing rapidly.

ii Telecommunication facilities (telegraph, telephone including mobile phones, fax) are used to contact one another around the world.

iii This has been facilitated by satellite communication devices.

iv Provision of internet facility where one can obtain and share information.

v IT has played a major role in spreading out production of services across countries.

vi Designing, printing e – banking facilities are also in this domain.

vii Instant electronic mail (e-mail) and talk (voice mail) are available across the world at negligible costs.

viii Any other relevant point

Any three points to be explained.

Ans. i Political parties are the most visible institutions in a democracy. For most ordinary citizens, democracy is equal to political parties.

ii A political party is a group of people who contest election and hold power in the government.

iii The rise of political parties is directly linked to the emergence of representative democracies. Large scale societies need representative democracy.

iv As societies became large and complex, they also needed some agency to gather different views on various issues and to present these to the government.

v They needed some way to bring various representatives together so that a responsible government could be formed.

vi They needed a mechanism to support or restrain the government, make policies, justify, or oppose them.

vii We can say that parties are a necessary condition for a democracy.

viii Any other relevant point

Ans. i Tertiary Sector is a service sector which includes Transport Storage, Communication, Banking, Trade etc.

ii Tertiary sector helps in the development of other two sectors.

iii With the development of primary and secondary sectors the demand for service will increase day by day.

iv The demands for tourism, shopping, private schools, private hospitals, etc. are increasing which are visible in big cities.

v Rapid growth of service sector also benefitted from external demand such as software industry, call centre services etc.

vi Liberalisation and globalisation have provided an environment for faster growth of tertiary services.

vii Any other relevant point.

Any three points to be explained.

Ans. i Large number of workers in the unorganized sectors are paid very low salary and often get exploited.

ii Jobs in these sectors are not secure. iii Benefits to workers (Such as Medical leave, gratuity etc.) are not given regularly in the unorganized sector.

iv There is need to save them from social discrimination.

v The casual workers in both rural and urban areas need to be protected.

vi Protection and support to the unorganised sector workers is thus necessary for both economic and social development.

vii Most of the enterprises in unorganized sector adopt strategies to evade taxes and refuse to follow laws.

viii Any other relevant point

Any three points to be explained.

Ans. i In the Countryside, rich peasant communities – like the Patidars of Gujarat and the Jats of Uttar Pradesh – were active in the movement.

ii Being producers of commercial crops, they were hard hit by the trade depression and falling prices.

iii As their cash income disappeared, they found it impossible to pay the government’s revenue demand.

iv The refusal of the government to reduce the revenue demand led to widespread resentment.

v These rich peasants became enthusiastic supporters of the Civil Disobedience Movement, organising their communities, and at times forcing reluctant members, to participate in the boycott programmes.

vi For them the fight for Swaraj was a struggle against high revenues.

vii But they were deeply disappointed when the movement was called off in 1931 without the revenue rates being revised.

viii Any other relevant point

To be examined as a whole.

Ans. i With the growth of nationalism the identity of India associated with the image of Bharat Mata.

ii The image was first created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. In the 1870s he wrote ‘Vande Mataram’ as a hymn to the motherland. Later it was included in his novel Anandmath and widely sung during the Swadeshi movement in Bengal.

iii During Swadeshi movement, Abanindranath Tagore painted his famous image of Bhart Mata. In this painting Bharat Mata is portrayed as an ascetic figure; she is calm, composed, divine and spiritual.

iv Ideas of nationalism also developed through a movement to revive Indian folklore.

v In late-nineteenth-century India, nationalists like Rabindra Nath Tagore and Natesa Sastri began recording folk tales sung by bards and they toured villages to gather folk songs and legends.

vi It was essential to preserve this folk tradition in order to discover one’s national identity and restore a sense of pride in one’s past.

vii During the Swadeshi movement in Bengal, a tricolour flag was designed. It had eight lotuses representing eight provinces of British India, and a crescent moon, representing Hindus and Muslims.

viii Gandhiji designed a Swaraj flag. It was a tricolour flag with a spinning wheel in the centre.

ix Another means of creating a feeling of nationalism was through reinterpretation of History. By the end of the nineteenth century, many Indians began feeling, that to instil a sense of pride in the nation; Indian history had to be thought about differently and began looking into the past to discover India’s great achievement.

x Any other relevant point

Any five points to be analyzed

Ans. i Pipelines are being used for transporting crude oil.

ii They help in transporting petroleum products.

iii Natural gas also gets transported through pipeline.

iv It is used for transporting crude oil and other petroleum products from fields to refineries.

v It can be transported to far away inland locations like Barauni, Mathura and Panipat.

vi Pipelines have proved beneficial for gas-based fertiliser plants.

vii Solids can also be transported through a pipeline when converted into slurry.

viii Running cost of pipelines is minimal.

ix They help in uninterrupted supply.

x Any other relevant point

Any five points to be explained.

Ans. i Northern Plains: Level land, high population density and rich agricultural resources have favoured development of railways in these plains.

ii Peninsular region and the Himalayan region: It is a hilly terrain. The Himalayan mountainous regions are not favourable for the construction of railway line due to high relief sparse population. So it is very difficult to lay the railway line.

iii Desert of Rajasthan: On the sandy plains of western Rajasthan it is very difficult, to lay railway lines which has hindered the development of railways.

iv Swamps of Gujarat, forested tracts of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Jharkhand; these are also not suitable for the development of railways.

v The contiguous stretch of Sahyadri could be crossed only through gaps or passes.

vi The development of Konkan railway along the west coast has facilitated the movement of passengers and goods in this most important economic region of India.

vii Railways play a major role in transporting goods from the sea port to the interior regions of India and vice versa.

viii Certain regions like Himalayan region are not economically congenial for the development of railway.

ix Any other relevant point.

Any five points to be explained.

Ans. i Every individual wants respect from fellow beings.

ii The passion for respect and freedom are the basis of democracy.

iii Respect to and equal treatments of women are necessary ingredients of a democratic society.

iv Democracy in India has strengthened the claims of the disadvantaged and discriminated for equal status and equal opportunity.

v Democracy values rights. vi It enhances the dignity of the individual.

vii Democracy has the ability to handle social differences, divisions and conflicts.

viii Any other relevant point.

Any five points to be explained.

Ans. i The democratic government develops mechanisms for citizens to hold the government accountable and mechanisms for citizens to take part in decision-making.

ii Democracy is based on the idea of deliberation and negotiations.

iii Regular, free and fair election.

iv Open public debate on major policies and legislations.

v Citizens have right to information about government and its functioning.

vi It promotes equality among citizens.

vii It provides a method to resolve conflicts.

viii It gives respect to the integrity of people.

ix Equal treatment of women are necessary ingredients of a democratic society

x Democracy is responsive to the needs of the people.

xi Democracy gives moral force to individual freedom and dignity.

xii Democracy promotes equal status and equal opportunity to the disadvantaged.

xiii It is transparent as whatever policies govt. is forming, the knowledge of the same is there with the people also.

xiv A democratic government is a legitimate government.

xv They accommodate differences

xvi Any other relevant point

Any five points to be explained.

Ans. i SHGs help the rural poor, in particular women.

ii A typical SHG has 15-20 members, usually belonging to one neighbourhood, who meet and save regularly. Saving per member varies from Rs 25 to Rs 100 or more, depending on the ability of the people to save. Members can take small loans from the group itself to meet their needs.

iii The group charges interest on these loans but this is still less than what the moneylender charges. After a year or two, if the group is regular in savings, it becomes eligible for availing loan from the bank.

iv Loan is sanctioned in the name of the group and is meant to create self-employment opportunities for the members.

v For instance, small loans are provided to the members for releasing mortgaged land, for meeting working capital needs (e.g. buying seeds, fertilizers, raw materials like bamboo and cloth), for housing materials, for acquiring assets like sewing machine, handlooms, cattle, etc.

vi Most of the important decisions regarding the savings and loan activities are taken by the group members. The group decides as regards the loans to be granted – the purpose, amount, interest to be charged, repayment schedule, etc.

vii Rural household face a problem of getting loan from the formal sector due to the lack of collateral.

viii Self Help Group helps the poor household in getting loans easily and prevents them from falling under the clutches of moneylenders.

ix Any other relevant points.

Any five points to be explained

Ans. i Cheap and affordable credit would lead to higher income.

ii If the credit is affordable then many people could borrow variety of needs.

iii People could grow crops, do business, set up small scale industries, etc.

iv People could set up new industries or trade in goods.

v Banks and Cooperatives should increase their lending particularly in the rural areas, so that the dependence on informal sources of credit reduces.

vi It is also necessary that everyone receives these loans.

vii It is important that the formal credit is distributed more equally so that the poor can benefit from the cheaper loans.

viii Any other relevant point

Any five points to be explained.

Ans. (i) For useful information on every topic of local interest.

(ii) Subjects of general utility, scientific investigation and the speculations connected with the antiquities, statistics, curiosities, history, and geography of the country were to be discussed.

(iii) Any other relevant point Any one point to be explained.

Ans. i The role of newspapers was to critically examine the govt. policies to suggest improvement.

ii The newspapers were to ensure speedy implementation of the suggested policies.

iii The political association to seek to study the particular issue and to gather diverse relevant information on the nation as well.

iv They also assessed the possible and desirable improvement which will surely earn it considerable influence.

v Any other relevant points.

Any one point to be explained.

Ans. i Newspaper shaped and spread new idea.

ii It also shaped the nature of the debate.

iii New ideas of reforming the society spread out in public.

iv Different interpretation of faith was also discussed in the paper.

v Government policies were critically examined through newspaper.

vi It became the medium of gathering diverse knowledge and suggest improvements.

vii Any other relevant points.

Any two point to be explained.

Ans. i It is an inexpensive method of conservation of water.

ii Common people can also afford it.

iii Water harvesting techniques are environmentally friendly.

iv Any other relevant points.

Any one point to be explained.

Ans. (i) Rooftop rainwater is collected using a PVC pipe.

(ii) Filtered using sand and bricks.

(iii) Underground pipe takes water to sump for immediate usage.

(iv) Excess water from the sump is taken to the well

(v) Water from the well recharge the underground

(vi) Take water from the well

(vii) Any other way of description may be considered.

Any one point to be explained.

Ans. i Hydraulic structures

ii In hilly regions people-built diversion channels like the guls or kuls for agriculture.

iii Roof-top rainwater harvesting was practised in Rajasthan.

iv In the flood plains of Bengal people developed inundation channels to irrigate their fields.

v Khadins, Johads and Tanks are the forms of rainwater harvesting practised in Rajasthan.

vi Any other relevant point

Any two point to be explained.

Ans. According to the Census of India (2011), there were 121 major languages in India with 1599 other languages. A total of 22 languages have been declared as Scheduled languages as per the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution.

i The diversity of Indian language has helped in uniting the country.

ii Most of the Indian are able to understand more than one language.

iii Any other relevant point.

Any one point to be explained

Ans. Scheduled languages are those which are included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution while Non-Scheduled Languages’ Include those languages which are not included in 8th Schedule of the Indian Constitution.

Ans. i India manifests itself in language history and linguistic geography.

ii The blend of languages, has united the country into one cultural unit.

iii Languages integrate the nation.

iv Any other relevant point

v Any two points to be explained.

Ans.