Class IX – People as Resource

‘People as a Resource’ is a way of referring to a country’s working in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities.

Ans. With overpopulation, country faces the problem of providing food, education and health facilities to more people.

Ans. When human resource is developed by becoming more educated and healthy, it is called human capital formation.

Ans. Human resource can make use of land and capital but land and capital cannot become useful on its own.

Ans. Japan

Ans. Primary Sector.

Ans. Economic activities means the production, distribution and consumption of commodities. The primary aim of the economic activity is the production of goods and services with a view to make them available to consumer.

Ans. Trade, transport and banking

Ans. Manufacturing is an activity of secondary sector.

Ans. Education and skill are the major determinants of the earning of any individual in the market.

Ans. (i) Literacy rate

(ii) Health

(iii) Skill

Ans. The play outlay on education has increased from Rs 151 crore in the first plan to Rs 3766.90 crore in the eleventh plan.

Ans. Kerala – 93.91% in 2011

Ans. Four states – Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra.

Ans. People dependent on agriculture usually face seasonal unemployment.

Ans. (i) Unemployment leads to wastage of manpower resource.

(ii) People who are an asset for the economy turn into a liability. There is a feeling of hopelessness and despair among the youth.

Ans. (i) For many decades in India, a large population has been considered a liability rather than an asset.

(ii) It however, need not be a burden for economy.

(iii) It can be turned into a productive asset by investment in human capital, for example by spending resources on education and health for all, training of industrial and agricultural workers in the use of modern technology, useful scientific researches and so on.

Ans. (i) It is a fact that Japan did not have any natural resource but has become rich and developed.

(ii) It has invested on people especially in the field of education and health. These people in turn have made efficient use of other resources like land and capital.

(iii) Efficiency and technology evolved by the people have made Japan rich and developed. So there is great importance for investment in education and health.

Ans. (i) Market activities: Market activities involve remuneration to anyone who performs i.e., activity performed for pay or profit. These include production of goods or services including government service.

(ii) Non-market activities: Non-market activities are the production for self-consumption. These can be consumption and processing of primary product and own account production of fixed assets.

Ans. Three sectors as mentioned below:

(i) Primary sector: It includes agriculture, forestry, poultry farming, mining and quarrying.

(ii) Secondary sector: It includes manufacturing.

(iii) Tertiary sector: It includes trade, transport, communication, banking, education, health, tourism, services, insurance, etc.

Ans. The reasons are as mentioned below:

(i) A majority of women have meagre education and low skill formation

(ii) Women are forced to work where there is no security of job

(iii) Various activities relating to legal protection is meagre.

(iv) In most of the cases women are appointed on irregular basis and low income

(v) They are not given the benefits such as maternity leave, child care etc.

Ans. (i) Aim is to provide elementary education to all children in the age group of 6 to 14 years by 2010.

(ii) It is a time-bound initiative of the Central Government, in partnership with the states, the local government and the community for achieving the goal of universalization of elementary education.

(iii) Introduction of bridge courses and back-to-school camps to increase the enrolment in elementary education.

(iv) Mid-day meal scheme has been implemented to encourage attendance and retention of children and improve their nutritional status.

Ans. (i) Increase in unemployment is an indicator of a depressed economy.

(ii) It also wastes the resource, which could have been gainfully employed.

(iii) If people cannot be used as a resource they naturally appear as a liability to the economy.

Ans. The employment scenario in the three sectors is as mentioned below:

(i) Agriculture sector:

(a) It is the most labour absorbing sector of the economy.

(b) In recent years, there has been a decline in the dependence of population on agriculture partly because of disgusted employment.

(c) Some of the surplus labour in agriculture has moved to either the secondary or the tertiary sector.

(ii) Secondary Sector: In it small scale manufacturing is the most labour absorbing.

(iii) Tertiary sector: In this sector various new services are appearing like bio-technology, information technology etc.

Ans. (i) The employment structure in the primary sector is characterized by self-employment.

(ii) The whole family contributes in the field even though not everybody is really needed. So there is disguised unemployment in the agriculture sector

Ans. Population is transformed into human capital with the provision of education, training and medical care.

Ans. Human resource unlike land and capital can be useful on its own and can make use of land and capital.

Ans. Market activities involve remuneration to anyone who performs in production of goods or services.